{"api_version":"v1","book":"Mark","chapter":13,"gloss_en":"But when you see the abomination of desolation,\nspoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains,","gloss_map":{"en":"But when you see the abomination of desolation,\nspoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains,","es":"Empero cuando viereis la abominaci\u00f3n de asolamiento, que fu\u00e9 dicha por el profeta Daniel, que estar\u00e1 donde no debe (el que lee, entienda), entonces los que est\u00e9n en Judea huyan \u00e1 los montes;","zh-Hans":"\u300c\u4f60\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u884c\u6bc1\u574f\u53ef\u618e\u7684\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u5f53\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7ecf\u7684\u4eba\u987b\u8981\u4f1a\u610f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u9003\u5230\u5c71\u4e0a\uff1b","zh-Hant":"\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u770b\u898b\u90a3\u884c\u6bc0\u58de\u53ef\u618e\u7684\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u7576\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u8b80\u9019\u7d93\u7684\u4eba\u9808\u8981\u6703\u610f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u7336\u592a\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u9003\u5230\u5c71\u4e0a\uff1b"},"next":{"book":"mark","chapter":13,"label":"Mark 13:15","verse":15},"pericope":"Little Apocalypse","prev":{"book":"mark","chapter":13,"label":"Mark 13:13","verse":13},"ref":"Mark 13:14","testament":"New Testament","variants":[{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v3","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek employs double article construction (\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2) with genitive relationship; Vulgate uses direct noun-genitive pairing (abominationem desolationis); Peshitta inserts demonstrative pronoun \u0710\u072c\u0710 ('sign/mark') before the construct chain, yielding 'the sign of the abomination of desolation,' a minor interpretive expansion.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03b4\u1f73\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u1f7d\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0710\u072c\u0710 \u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710 \u0715\u071a\u0718\u072a\u0712\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"abominationem desolationis","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["major","omission"],"gloss":null,"id":"v4","label":"Two witnesses","summary":"The Vulgate omits the entire relative clause \u03c4\u1f78 \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ('that which was spoken by Daniel the prophet'), which both Greek and Peshitta attest. The Peshitta renders this as \u0717\u071d \u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710 \u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720 \u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710 with feminine demonstrative \u0717\u071d agreeing with \u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710 ('abomination'), explicitly naming Daniel as the prophetic source in harmonisation with Matthew 24:15.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03c4\u1f78 \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u1f75\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0717\u071d \u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710 \u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720 \u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710","witness_id":"syr"}],"type":"omission","witnesses":["grk","syr"]},{"classes":["minor","grammar"],"gloss":null,"id":"v5","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek uses perfect active participle \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 (masculine accusative agreeing with \u03b2\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 in sense, though neuter in form); Vulgate employs present active participle stantem; Peshitta uses active participle \u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710. All convey 'standing,' but Greek perfect aspect emphasizes the completed state of standing, while Latin and Syriac use present aspect.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u1f79\u03c4\u03b1","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"stantem","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"grammar","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","expansion"],"gloss":null,"id":"v6","label":"All three attest","summary":"The Peshitta reads \u0710\u071d\u071f\u0710 \u0715\u0720\u0710 \u0718\u0720\u0710 ('where not and not'), employing a double negative construction (\u0715\u0720\u0710 \u0718\u0720\u0710) that intensifies the negation beyond the Greek \u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 and Latin ubi non debet. This is a characteristic Syriac rhetorical doubling for emphasis.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0710\u071d\u071f\u0710 \u0715\u0720\u0710 \u0718\u0720\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"ubi non debet","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"expansion","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","punctuation"],"gloss":null,"id":"v7","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek uses participial construction \u1f41 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03c9 ('let the reader understand') as parenthetical aside; Vulgate employs relative clause qui legit, intelligat with colon punctuation marking it as editorial comment; Peshitta inserts pronoun \u0717\u0718 ('he') as explicit subject before \u0715\u0729\u072a\u0710 ('who reads'), making the referent more explicit, and uses jussive \u0722\u0723\u072c\u071f\u0720 ('let him understand').","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u1f41 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u1f7d\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u1f77\u03c4\u03c9","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0717\u0718 \u0715\u0729\u072a\u0710 \u0722\u0723\u072c\u071f\u0720","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"qui legit intelligat tunc","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"punctuation","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v9","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek uses article + prepositional phrase (\u03bf\u1f31 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u1fb3, 'those in Judea'); Vulgate mirrors with relative clause qui in Jud\u00e6a sunt ('who are in Judea'); Peshitta employs demonstrative plural \u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722 with relative \u0715 and locative \u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715, adding independent pronoun \u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722 ('they') for emphasis \u2014 semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct constructions.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03bf\u1f31 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u0345 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1f77\u1fb3","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722 \u0715\u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715 \u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"in Jud\u00e6a sunt fugiant","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","idiom"],"gloss":null,"id":"v11","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek and Vulgate use plural forms (\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7 / montes, 'the mountains'); Peshitta employs singular \u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710 ('to the mountain'), a typical Syriac idiom for geographic collective nouns where singular form denotes the mountain-range as a conceptual unit rather than discrete peaks.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7\u0387","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"montes","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"idiom","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]}],"verse":14,"witnesses":[{"date":"c. 70\u201390 CE","dir":"ltr","id":"grk","name":"Greek NT","script":"grc","sigil":"\ud835\udd0a","subtitle":"STEP TAGNT (NA28/Byzantine amalgamated)","tokens":[{"a":"g1","gloss":"When","idx":0,"t":"\u1f45\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd"},{"a":"g1","gloss":"then","idx":1,"t":"\u03b4\u1f72"},{"a":"g2","gloss":"you may see","idx":2,"t":"\u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5"},{"a":"g3","gloss":"the","idx":3,"t":"\u03c4\u1f78","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","gloss":"abomination","idx":4,"t":"\u03b2\u03b4\u1f73\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","gloss":"of the","idx":5,"t":"\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","gloss":"desolation","idx":6,"t":"\u1f10\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u1f7d\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"which","idx":7,"t":"\u03c4\u1f78","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"having been spoken of","idx":8,"t":"\u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"by","idx":9,"t":"\u1f51\u03c0\u1f78","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"Daniel","idx":10,"t":"\u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"<the>","idx":11,"t":"\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"prophet","idx":12,"t":"\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u1f75\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g5","gloss":"already standing","idx":13,"t":"\u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u1f79\u03c4\u03b1","v":"v5","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"where","idx":14,"t":"\u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"not","idx":15,"t":"\u03bf\u1f50","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"it should \u2014","idx":16,"t":"\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g7","gloss":"the [one]","idx":17,"t":"\u1f41","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","gloss":"reading","idx":18,"t":"\u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u1f7d\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","gloss":"he should understand \u2014","idx":19,"t":"\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u1f77\u03c4\u03c9","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g8","gloss":"then","idx":20,"t":"\u03c4\u1f79\u03c4\u03b5"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"those","idx":21,"t":"\u03bf\u1f31","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"in","idx":22,"t":"\u1f10\u03bd","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"<the>","idx":23,"t":"\u03c4\u1fc6\u0345","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"Judea","idx":24,"t":"\u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1f77\u1fb3","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g10","gloss":"they should flee","idx":25,"t":"\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u1f73\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd"},{"a":"g11","gloss":"to","idx":26,"t":"\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g11","gloss":"the","idx":27,"t":"\u03c4\u1f70","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g11","gloss":"mountains;","idx":28,"t":"\u1f44\u03c1\u03b7\u0387","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"}]},{"date":"c. 400 CE","dir":"rtl","id":"syr","name":"Peshitta","script":"syr","sigil":"\u2119","subtitle":"Syriac, 5th c.","tokens":[{"a":"g1","idx":0,"t":"\u0721\u0710"},{"a":"g1","idx":1,"t":"\u0715\u071d\u0722"},{"a":"g2","idx":2,"t":"\u0715\u071a\u0719\u071d\u072c\u0718\u0722"},{"a":"g3","idx":3,"t":"\u0710\u072c\u0710","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","idx":4,"t":"\u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","idx":5,"t":"\u0715\u071a\u0718\u072a\u0712\u0710","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","idx":6,"t":"\u0717\u071d","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","idx":7,"t":"\u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","idx":8,"t":"\u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g4","idx":9,"t":"\u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710","v":"v4","variant_type":"major"},{"a":"g5","idx":10,"t":"\u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710","v":"v5","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","idx":11,"t":"\u0710\u071d\u071f\u0710","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","idx":12,"t":"\u0715\u0720\u0710","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","idx":13,"t":"\u0718\u0720\u0710","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","idx":14,"t":"\u0717\u0718","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","idx":15,"t":"\u0715\u0729\u072a\u0710","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","idx":16,"t":"\u0722\u0723\u072c\u071f\u0720","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g8","idx":17,"t":"\u0717\u071d\u0715\u071d\u0722"},{"a":"g9","idx":18,"t":"\u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":19,"t":"\u0715\u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":20,"t":"\u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g10","idx":21,"t":"\u0722\u0725\u072a\u0729\u0718\u0722"},{"a":"g11","idx":22,"t":"\u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"}]},{"date":"c. 400 CE","dir":"ltr","id":"vul","name":"Vulgate","script":"lat","sigil":"\ud835\udd19","subtitle":"Clementine, Jerome","tokens":[{"a":"g1","idx":0,"t":"Cum"},{"a":"g1","idx":1,"t":"autem"},{"a":"g2","idx":2,"t":"videritis"},{"a":"g3","idx":3,"t":"abominationem","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g3","idx":4,"t":"desolationis","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g5","idx":5,"t":"stantem","v":"v5","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g6","idx":6,"t":"ubi","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","idx":7,"t":"non","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g6","idx":8,"t":"debet","v":"v6","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g7","idx":9,"t":"qui","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g7","idx":10,"t":"legit","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g7","idx":11,"t":"intelligat","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":":"},{"a":"g8","idx":13,"t":"tunc"},{"a":"g9","idx":14,"t":"qui","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":15,"t":"in","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":16,"t":"Jud\u00e6a","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":17,"t":"sunt","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g10","idx":18,"t":"fugiant"},{"a":"g11","idx":19,"t":"in","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g11","idx":20,"t":"montes","v":"v11","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":":"}]}]}