{"api_version":"v1","book":"Mark","chapter":13,"gloss_en":"But when you see the abomination of desolation,\nspoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains,","gloss_map":{"en":"But when you see the abomination of desolation,\nspoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains,","es":"Empero cuando viereis la abominaci\u00f3n de asolamiento, que fu\u00e9 dicha por el profeta Daniel, que estar\u00e1 donde no debe (el que lee, entienda), entonces los que est\u00e9n en Judea huyan \u00e1 los montes;","zh-Hans":"\u300c\u4f60\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u884c\u6bc1\u574f\u53ef\u618e\u7684\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u5f53\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7ecf\u7684\u4eba\u987b\u8981\u4f1a\u610f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u9003\u5230\u5c71\u4e0a\uff1b","zh-Hant":"\u300c\u4f60\u5011\u770b\u898b\u90a3\u884c\u6bc0\u58de\u53ef\u618e\u7684\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0d\u7576\u7ad9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u8b80\u9019\u7d93\u7684\u4eba\u9808\u8981\u6703\u610f\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u7336\u592a\u7684\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u9003\u5230\u5c71\u4e0a\uff1b"},"next":{"book":"mark","chapter":13,"label":"Mark 13:15","verse":15},"pericope":"Little Apocalypse","prev":{"book":"mark","chapter":13,"label":"Mark 13:13","verse":13},"ref":"Mark 13:14","testament":"New Testament","variants":[{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v3","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek aorist subjunctive \u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5 and Latin perfect subjunctive videritis are both second-person plural; Syriac \u0715\u071a\u0719\u071d\u072c\u0718\u0722 likewise carries the plural subject affix. The verdict is minor only because the Syriac prefixes the relative/temporal particle d- to the verb, a typical Aramaic syntactic feature absent in the other two.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0715\u071a\u0719\u071d\u072c\u0718\u0722","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"videritis","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v4","label":"All three attest","summary":"The Peshitta supplies \u0710\u072c\u0710 ('sign/portent') before \u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710 ('the abomination'), an interpretive expansion absent from both the Greek \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 and the Latin abominationem. The Syriac thereby renders the phrase as 'the sign of the abomination,' softening the bare noun.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03b4\u1f73\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0710\u072c\u0710 \u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"abominationem","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["major","omission"],"gloss":null,"id":"v6","label":"Two witnesses","summary":"The attributive clause \u03c4\u1f78 \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ('which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet') is present in the Greek and reproduced in the Peshitta (\u0717\u071d \u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710 \u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720 \u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710), but the Clementine Vulgate omits the entire clause here, agreeing with the shorter text favoured in many witnesses of Mark (the naming of Daniel being often regarded as a harmonisation toward Matt 24:15).","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03c4\u1f78 \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u1f75\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0717\u071d \u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710 \u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720 \u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710","witness_id":"syr"}],"type":"omission","witnesses":["grk","syr"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v7","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek perfect participle \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 (masculine, agreeing with the personified abomination) is matched by Latin stantem and Syriac \u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710; the Syriac again prefixes the relative d-, giving a relative-clause construction ('that stands') rather than a bare participle.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u1f79\u03c4\u03b1","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"stantem","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v9","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 and Latin non debet express the negated impersonal 'where it ought not.' The Syriac renders this with a doubled negation \u0715\u0720\u0710 \u0718\u0720\u0710, a construction native to Aramaic emphatic negation but with no one-to-one lexical counterpart in the other traditions.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0715\u0720\u0710 \u0718\u0720\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"non debet","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["major","expansion"],"gloss":null,"id":"v12","label":"Vulgate only","summary":"The Vulgate inserts an explicit colon (:) marking the boundary between the parenthetical 'let the reader understand' and the following apodosis. Such punctuation is editorial in the Clementine text and has no token-level equivalent in the Greek or Syriac, though Greek editions mark the pause with a comma.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"tunc","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"expansion","witnesses":["vul"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v14","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek uses an articular prepositional phrase \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u1fb3 ('those in Judea'); Latin renders it as a relative clause qui in Jud\u00e6a sunt; Syriac employs the double-headed relative construction \u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722 \u0715\u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715 \u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722 ('those who in Judea are'). The three are semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct in their handling of the substantivised participle/copula.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03bf\u1f31 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u0345 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1f77\u1fb3","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722 \u0715\u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715 \u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"in Jud\u00e6a sunt fugiant","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]},{"classes":["minor","construction"],"gloss":null,"id":"v16","label":"All three attest","summary":"Greek \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7 and Latin in montes both use the plural ('to the mountains'); the Syriac \u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710 is singular ('to the mountain[-range]'), reflecting a common Syriac idiom in which geographic mass-nouns are treated as collective singulars. The trailing Vulgate colon is grouped here as terminal punctuation lacking a counterpart in the other traditions.","title":[{"dir":"ltr","label":"Greek NT","script":"grc","text":"\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7\u0387","witness_id":"grk"},{"dir":"rtl","label":"Peshitta","script":"syr","text":"\u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710","witness_id":"syr"},{"dir":"ltr","label":"Vulgate","script":"lat","text":"montes","witness_id":"vul"}],"type":"construction","witnesses":["grk","syr","vul"]}],"verse":14,"witnesses":[{"date":"c. 70\u201390 CE","dir":"ltr","id":"grk","name":"Greek NT","script":"grc","sigil":"\ud835\udd0a","subtitle":"STEP TAGNT (NA28/Byzantine amalgamated)","tokens":[{"a":"g1","gloss":"When","idx":0,"t":"\u1f45\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd"},{"a":"g2","gloss":"then","idx":1,"t":"\u03b4\u1f72"},{"a":"g3","gloss":"you may see","idx":2,"t":"\u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"the","idx":3,"t":"\u03c4\u1f78","v":"v4","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","gloss":"abomination","idx":4,"t":"\u03b2\u03b4\u1f73\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1","v":"v4","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g5","gloss":"of the","idx":5,"t":"\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2"},{"a":"g5","gloss":"desolation","idx":6,"t":"\u1f10\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u1f7d\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"which","idx":7,"t":"\u03c4\u1f78","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"having been spoken of","idx":8,"t":"\u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"by","idx":9,"t":"\u1f51\u03c0\u1f78","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"Daniel","idx":10,"t":"\u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u1f74\u03bb","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"<the>","idx":11,"t":"\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","gloss":"prophet","idx":12,"t":"\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u1f75\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g7","gloss":"already standing","idx":13,"t":"\u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u1f79\u03c4\u03b1","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g8","gloss":"where","idx":14,"t":"\u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"not","idx":15,"t":"\u03bf\u1f50","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","gloss":"it should \u2014","idx":16,"t":"\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g10","gloss":"the [one]","idx":17,"t":"\u1f41"},{"a":"g10","gloss":"reading","idx":18,"t":"\u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u1f7d\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd"},{"a":"g11","gloss":"he should understand \u2014","idx":19,"t":"\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u1f77\u03c4\u03c9"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g13","gloss":"then","idx":20,"t":"\u03c4\u1f79\u03c4\u03b5"},{"a":"g14","gloss":"those","idx":21,"t":"\u03bf\u1f31","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","gloss":"in","idx":22,"t":"\u1f10\u03bd","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","gloss":"<the>","idx":23,"t":"\u03c4\u1fc6\u0345","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","gloss":"Judea","idx":24,"t":"\u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1f77\u1fb3","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g15","gloss":"they should flee","idx":25,"t":"\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u1f73\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd"},{"a":"g16","gloss":"to","idx":26,"t":"\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g16","gloss":"the","idx":27,"t":"\u03c4\u1f70","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g16","gloss":"mountains;","idx":28,"t":"\u1f44\u03c1\u03b7\u0387","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"}]},{"date":"c. 400 CE","dir":"rtl","id":"syr","name":"Peshitta","script":"syr","sigil":"\u2119","subtitle":"Syriac, 5th c.","tokens":[{"a":"g1","idx":0,"t":"\u0721\u0710"},{"a":"g2","idx":1,"t":"\u0715\u071d\u0722"},{"a":"g3","idx":2,"t":"\u0715\u071a\u0719\u071d\u072c\u0718\u0722","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","idx":3,"t":"\u0710\u072c\u0710","v":"v4","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","idx":4,"t":"\u071b\u0722\u0726\u072c\u0710","v":"v4","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g5","idx":5,"t":"\u0715\u071a\u0718\u072a\u0712\u0710"},{"a":"g6","idx":6,"t":"\u0717\u071d","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","idx":7,"t":"\u0715\u0710\u0721\u071d\u072a\u0710","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","idx":8,"t":"\u0712\u0715\u0722\u071d\u0710\u071d\u0720","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g6","idx":9,"t":"\u0722\u0712\u071d\u0710","v":"v6","variant_type":"omitted"},{"a":"g7","idx":10,"t":"\u0715\u0729\u071d\u0721\u0710","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g8","idx":11,"t":"\u0710\u071d\u071f\u0710"},{"a":"g9","idx":12,"t":"\u0715\u0720\u0710","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":13,"t":"\u0718\u0720\u0710","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g10","idx":14,"t":"\u0717\u0718"},{"a":"g10","idx":15,"t":"\u0715\u0729\u072a\u0710"},{"a":"g11","idx":16,"t":"\u0722\u0723\u072c\u071f\u0720"},{"a":"g13","idx":17,"t":"\u0717\u071d\u0715\u071d\u0722"},{"a":"g14","idx":18,"t":"\u0710\u071d\u0720\u071d\u0722","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","idx":19,"t":"\u0715\u0712\u071d\u0717\u0718\u0715","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","idx":20,"t":"\u0710\u0722\u0718\u0722","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g15","idx":21,"t":"\u0722\u0725\u072a\u0729\u0718\u0722"},{"a":"g16","idx":22,"t":"\u0720\u071b\u0718\u072a\u0710","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"}]},{"date":"c. 400 CE","dir":"ltr","id":"vul","name":"Vulgate","script":"lat","sigil":"\ud835\udd19","subtitle":"Clementine, Jerome","tokens":[{"a":"g1","idx":0,"t":"Cum"},{"a":"g2","idx":1,"t":"autem"},{"a":"g3","idx":2,"t":"videritis","v":"v3","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g4","idx":3,"t":"abominationem","v":"v4","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g5","idx":4,"t":"desolationis"},{"a":"g7","idx":5,"t":"stantem","v":"v7","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g8","idx":6,"t":"ubi"},{"a":"g9","idx":7,"t":"non","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g9","idx":8,"t":"debet","v":"v9","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g10","idx":9,"t":"qui"},{"a":"g10","idx":10,"t":"legit"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g11","idx":11,"t":"intelligat"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":":"},{"a":"g13","idx":13,"t":"tunc"},{"a":"g14","idx":14,"t":"qui","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","idx":15,"t":"in","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","idx":16,"t":"Jud\u00e6a","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g14","idx":17,"t":"sunt","v":"v14","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":","},{"a":"g15","idx":18,"t":"fugiant"},{"a":"g16","idx":19,"t":"in","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":"g16","idx":20,"t":"montes","v":"v16","variant_type":"minor"},{"a":null,"punct":true,"t":":"}]}]}