Mark 12 : 9

Greek and Latin supply the definite article (ὁ κύριος / the implicit definiteness of dominus), while Syriac ܡܪܐ stands unmarked; the Peshitta lacks the article system here, but definiteness is contextually understood. No semantic divergence.

Greek and Latin express the genitive relationship with article + genitive (τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος / vineæ), whereas Syriac ܟܪܡܐ stands in simple juxtaposition with ܡܪܐ, relying on the construct-like apposition typical of Aramaic to convey 'lord of the vineyard'.

Greek καί and Latin et coordinate 'he will come and destroy', but the Peshitta omits the conjunction before ܢܘܒܕ ('will destroy'), juxtaposing the two verbs asyndetically — a common Syriac narrative idiom expressing sequential action without an explicit connective.

Greek τοὺς γεωργούς and Latin colonos render 'the farmers/tenants' with article (Greek) or bare accusative (Latin); Syriac uses the demonstrative ܠܗܢܘܢ ('those') plus ܦܠܚܐ, an anaphoric construction emphasising the specific tenants previously mentioned. The Syriac root p-l-kh ('to till, labour') corresponds well to γεωργός.

Greek δώσει and Latin dabit are simple future verbs lacking an object pronoun, whereas the Syriac ܘܢܬܠܝܘܗܝ carries a 3ms object suffix ('he will give it'), anticipating the resumptive reference to the vineyard — a typical Syriac pleonastic object construction.

Greek ἄλλοις (dative plural) and Latin aliis (dative plural) render 'to others' without a preposition, relying on case; Syriac ܠܐܚܪܢܐ marks the indirect object with the prefixed preposition l-, the standard Aramaic dative substitute since Syriac lacks an inflected dative case.