Mark 14 : 21

Greek opens with the subordinating conjunction ὅτι ('for/because'), reflecting indirect discourse subordinate to the preceding verse; the Vulgate renders the connective force with the coordinating Et ('and'), and the Peshitta likewise uses the prefixed ܘ (w-) on ܘܒܪܗ. Both versions thus weaken the explicit causal subordination of the Greek into mere coordination.

Greek articulates 'the Son' with article ὁ plus the contrastive particle μέν (answered by δέ below), and Latin preserves the μέν...δέ correlation with quidem...autem. The Peshitta collapses article, particle, and noun into the single prefixed-conjunction form ܘܒܪܗ ('and his son'), losing the μέν marker entirely though the contrast is implicit in context.

The Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the boundary between the statement about the Son of Man's predestined departure and the woe-clause that follows; neither the Greek nor the Syriac transmits an equivalent punctuation token here, the Greek using only a comma after αὐτοῦ.

Greek and Latin use the generic ἄνθρωπος / homo ('that man'), while the Peshitta renders ܠܓܒܪܐ ܗܘ from the root g-b-r, which denotes specifically an adult male ('that man/fellow'), a slightly more concrete and gendered lexical choice than the Greek ἄνθρωπος.

Greek and Latin re-state the full subject 'the Son of Man is betrayed' (ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται / Filius hominis tradetur) after the relative δι᾽ οὗ / per quem. The Peshitta employs the prepositional relative ܕܒܐܝܕܗ ('by whose hand') with the verb ܡܫܬܠܡ preceding ܒܪܗ ܕܐܢܫܐ, an idiomatic Semitic 'by the hand of' construction expressing agency more concretely than the simple Greek διά + genitive.

The Vulgate closes the woe-clause with an exclamation mark, heightening the rhetorical force of the malediction; this punctuation has no counterpart in the Greek NA28, which marks the clause boundary only with a raised dot (·) after παραδίδοται.

Greek uses the aorist passive ἐγεννήθη and the Peshitta the corresponding ethpaal ܐܬܝܠܕ (root y-l-d), both simple past-passive 'had not been born.' The Vulgate periphrastic pluperfect-subjunctive esset natus expresses the contrary-to-fact condition with greater temporal precision than the Greek aorist indicative.

Greek and Latin place the subject 'that man' (ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος / homo ille) after the verb at the clause end. The Peshitta fronts the equivalent phrase ܠܓܒܪܐ ܗܘ earlier (as the indirect object of ܦܩܚ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ) and does not repeat it after the verb ܐܬܝܠܕ, reflecting a different distribution of the noun across the conditional sentence.