Mark 14 : 54

Greek uses Πέτρος ('Peter', the Grecised cognomen) with the definite article; the Peshitta substitutes the original Semitic name ܫܡܥܘܢ ('Simon', root m-e-w), preserving the Aramaic onomastic background. The Vulgate follows the Greek with Petrus.

Both the Peshitta ܕܝܢ and the Vulgate autem supply the transitional/adversative particle that corresponds functionally to the Greek opening καί, here grouped with the subject as the discourse marker tracking the shift to Peter's movement.

Greek uses the aorist ἠκολούθησεν ('followed', punctiliar). The Peshitta forms a periphrastic past with ܐܬܐ ܗܘܐ (literally 'was coming', root a-th-a plus the auxiliary h-w-a), and the Vulgate uses the perfect participle plus auxiliary secutus est; both versions render the durative/background sense of Peter's following more explicitly than the Greek aorist.

Greek αὐτῷ is the dative object of ἀκολουθέω ('followed him'). The Peshitta ܒܬܪܗ (root b-th-r, 'after him') renders the idea spatially ('came after him'), and the Vulgate eum is the accusative object; the constructions differ but converge on the same referential sense.

Greek uses εἰς + accusative with the article (εἰς τὴν αὐλήν, 'into the court') and the Vulgate matches with in atrium; the Peshitta ܕܪܬܐ (root d-r-th, 'the courtyard') is governed directly by the preceding ܠܓܘ ('inside') without a separate directional preposition, a more compact construction.

Greek τοῦ ἀρχιερέως is a single compound noun ('of the high priest'). The Peshitta renders the title analytically as ܕܪܒ ܟܗܢܐ ('of the chief of the priests', d-r-b + k-h-n), and the Vulgate likewise uses two words summi sacerdotis ('of the high priest'); both versions periphrastically unpack the Greek compound.

Greek καί coordinates the next clause. The Peshitta prefixes the coordinating waw directly to the verb (ܘܝܬܒ, 'and-he-sat'), while the Vulgate adds a colon (token 13) plus et; the punctuation marks the clause boundary the Greek leaves unmarked.

Greek uses the periphrastic imperfect ἦν συγκαθήμενος ('was sitting together', εἰμί + present participle of συγκάθημαι). The Vulgate collapses this into the simple imperfect sedebat, and the Peshitta uses ܝܬܒ ܗܘܐ (root y-th-b + auxiliary, 'was sitting'); the prefix of συγκάθημαι ('sat-with') is expressed by the following 'with' phrase in both versions rather than morphologically.

Greek places the second καί before the participle θερμαινόμενος ('and warming himself'). The Peshitta prefixes the waw to the verb ܘܫܚܢ (root w-sh-kh, 'and he warmed himself'), while the Vulgate's coordinating et (token 20) introduces calefaciebat; the conjunctions align but their positions relative to the verb differ slightly.

Greek uses the present middle participle θερμαινόμενος ('warming himself'), the middle voice conveying the reflexive sense intrinsically. The Vulgate must express this analytically with the active verb plus reflexive pronoun calefaciebat se ('was warming himself'); the Peshitta verb ܘܫܚܢ likewise carries the reflexive sense inherently in its stem.

Greek reads πρὸς τὸ φῶς ('at the light/firelight', φῶς literally meaning 'light'), whereas both the Peshitta ܠܘܩܒܠ ܢܘܪܐ (root n-w-r, 'fire') and the Vulgate ad ignem ('to the fire') render the source concretely as 'fire.' The versions interpret the Markan φῶς as the firelight by which Peter warmed himself.