Mark 16 : 11

Greek compresses conjunction and demonstrative into the crasis κἀκεῖνοι ('and those'); both Syriac ܘܗܢܘܢ and the Vulgate Et illi unpack this into discrete coordinating conjunction plus pronoun, a routine analytic expansion of the Greek synthetic form.

Greek and Latin render the action with an aorist/present participle (ἀκούσαντες / audientes), whereas Syriac employs the temporal subordinator ܟܕ plus a finite verb ܫܡܥܘ ('when they heard'), a characteristic Syriac periphrasis for circumstantial participles.

Greek ὅτι and Latin quia function as simple complementisers ('that'); the Peshitta ܕܐܡܪܢ embeds the complementiser within an added finite verb of speaking ('that they said'), introducing a reported-speech frame absent from both Greek and Latin.

Greek ζῇ is present indicative ('he lives'); the Vulgate shifts to imperfect subjunctive viveret under the indirect-discourse rule after a past-tense matrix verb, while Syriac ܕܚܝ uses an unmarked stative form — the three reflect differing tense-mood conventions for embedded clauses.

Greek ἐθεάθη is a single aorist passive form; Latin renders it analytically with periphrastic visus esset (perfect passive subjunctive), again triggered by the indirect-discourse construction, while Syriac ܘܐܬܚܙܝ uses the Ethpaal (reflexive-passive) stem of kh-z-y as a synthetic equivalent.

Greek ὑπ᾽ αὐτῆς ('by her') and Latin ab ea express the agent with preposition plus genitive/ablative singular feminine; Syriac ܠܗܝܢ uses the prepositional ܠ- with a feminine plural suffix, a number discrepancy likely reflecting the collective/plural reference to the disciples or witnesses rather than to Mary alone.