Mark 3 : 13

All three open with the coordinating conjunction (καί / ܘ- / Et), but in the Peshitta the conjunction is proclitically fused to the verb ܘܣܠܩ, whereas Greek and Latin write it as a discrete word.

Greek uses a finite present indicative ἀναβαίνει ('he goes up'), the Peshitta a finite perfect ܣܠܩ embedded in the same fused form, while the Vulgate renders the action as a present participle ascendens ('going up') subordinated to the main verb vocavit. The Latin thus recasts the Greek paratactic sequence into a participial construction.

Greek εἰς τὸ ὄρος and Latin in montem use an explicit preposition plus an articulated/accusative noun; the Peshitta ܠܛܘܪܐ collapses preposition, article, and noun into a single prefixed form with the directional lamadh, a characteristic Syriac economy.

The second coordinating καί is present in Greek and fused proclitically to ܘܩܪܐ in the Peshitta, but the Vulgate omits a corresponding conjunction here because it has subordinated the prior clause as a participle, leaving vocavit as the lone main verb.

Greek προσκαλεῖται (middle voice, 'summons to himself') inherently encodes the reflexive direction, and the Peshitta ܩܪܐ ('called') likewise carries it implicitly; the Vulgate makes the direction explicit with the prepositional phrase ad se ('to himself') accompanying vocavit.

Greek ἤθελεν is imperfect ('he was wanting/willing'), conveying durative volition, whereas the Peshitta ܕܨܒܐ and Latin voluit render it with a simple perfect/preterite, flattening the aspectual nuance of continuous desire into a single completed act.

Greek adds the emphatic intensive pronoun αὐτός ('he himself'), matched by Latin ipse, underscoring Jesus' own initiative; the Peshitta has no corresponding intensive pronoun, the subject being carried solely by the verb's morphology.

The third καί introducing the disciples' response is written as a discrete word in Greek and Latin (et) but fused proclitically to the verb ܘܐܬܘ in the Peshitta, consistent with Syriac orthographic practice.

The Greek paragraph mark (¶) following αὐτόν and the Vulgate colon preceding et venerunt are editorial punctuation; the Greek mark closes a discourse unit while the Latin colon links the two clauses, reflecting differing editorial segmentation rather than textual divergence.