Mark 12 : 13

Greek uses present tense ἀποστέλλουσιν (historic present for vividness), while Peshitta and Vulgate employ past tense (ܘܫܕܪܘ / mittunt), normalizing the narrative temporality to simple past.

Peshitta substitutes ܣܦܪܐ ('scribes') for Greek Φαρισαίων ('Pharisees'), a substantive lexical divergence that alters the identity of the delegation. Greek and Vulgate agree on 'Pharisees,' suggesting Peshitta reflects either a variant Vorlage or interpretive harmonization with synoptic parallels where scribes appear alongside Herodians.

Greek and Vulgate use the gentilicized plural Ἡρῳδιανῶν / herodianis ('Herodians'), while Peshitta employs the periphrastic construction ܕܒܝܬ ܗܪܘܕܣ ('those of the house of Herod'), a Semitic idiom expressing party affiliation through household terminology rather than a derived ethnic adjective.

Greek uses simple dative λόγῳ ('by a word'), Peshitta mirrors this with ܒܡܠܬܐ (prepositional phrase 'in/by a word'), while Vulgate expands to the prepositional phrase in verbo ('in a word'), making the instrumental relationship syntactically explicit through the preposition.