Mark 12:37 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ πόθεν αὐτοῦ ἐστιν υἱός;

Peshitta ܘܐܝܟܢܐ ܒܪܗ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ

Vulgate et unde est filius ejus Et

Greek places the copula ἐστιν before υἱός ("how is he son?"), while Syriac uses the enclitic copula ܐܝܬܘܗܝ attached to ܒܪܗ ("how is-he his-son"), and Vulgate follows Greek word order with "unde est filius ejus." All three express the same interrogative construction with minor syntactic variation.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος

Peshitta ܘܟܠܗ ܟܢܫܐ

Vulgate turba eum

Greek uses the article with adjective ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος ("the great crowd"), Vulgate employs multa turba ("much crowd") without article, and Syriac prefixes ܘܟܠܗ ("and all of it") to ܟܢܫܐ, rendering "and all the crowd." The Syriac construction emphasizes totality through ܟܠܗ rather than magnitude, though the semantic force remains equivalent.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ

Peshitta ܫܡܥ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ

Vulgate libenter audivit

Greek uses the imperfect ἤκουεν ("was listening") with genitive object αὐτοῦ, Vulgate mirrors this with audivit eum (perfect tense, accusative object), while Syriac employs the periphrastic construction ܫܡܥ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ("was hearing to-him") with the participle plus auxiliary, expressing continuous past action. The tense difference between Greek imperfect and Latin perfect represents a minor aspectual shift.

Mark 12 : 37

Critical apparatus