Mark 13:3 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

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construction All three attest

Greek NT καθημένου αὐτοῦ

Peshitta ܝܬܒ

Vulgate cum sederet

Greek uses a genitive absolute construction (καθημένου αὐτοῦ) with the participle and pronoun; Latin employs a cum-temporal clause (cum sederet) with finite verb; Peshitta uses a simple temporal participle (ܝܬܒ) without explicit subject pronoun, relying on context.

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gloss Two witnesses

Greek NT αὐτοῦ

Peshitta ܝܫܘܥ

The Peshitta explicitly names Jesus (ܝܫܘܥ) as the subject, whereas Greek and Latin rely on the pronoun αὐτοῦ/implicit subject to maintain reference from the preceding narrative context.

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lexical All three attest

Greek NT κατέναντι τοῦ ἱεροῦ

Peshitta ܠܘܩܒܠ ܗܝܟܠܐ

Vulgate contra templum

Greek κατέναντι and Latin contra both mean 'opposite/facing,' while Peshitta ܠܘܩܒܠ carries the same spatial sense; Greek uses ἱερόν (temple precinct) whereas Peshitta ܗܝܟܠܐ and Latin templum can denote either the sanctuary proper or the broader complex, representing a minor lexical variation in temple terminology.

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grammar All three attest

Greek NT (hi'erou) ἐπηρώτα

Peshitta ܫܐܠܘܗܝ

Vulgate interrogabant eum

Greek uses the imperfect ἐπηρώτα (singular, 'was asking') with subsequent subject names, implying iterative or durative action; Latin interrogabant (imperfect plural) and Peshitta ܫܐܠܘܗܝ (perfect plural with pronominal suffix) both employ plural verb forms agreeing with the four disciples as collective subject.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT αὐτὸν κατ᾽

Peshitta ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗܘܢ

Vulgate separatim

Greek places κατ᾽ ἰδίαν ('privately') before the list of disciples; Latin separatim appears mid-sentence after the verb; Peshitta ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗܘܢ ('by themselves') follows the entire list of names, representing stylistic variation in adverbial placement without semantic difference.

Mark 13 : 3

Critical apparatus