Mark 3 : 23

Greek uses aorist middle participle προσκαλεσάμενος with accusative object αὐτούς; Latin mirrors this with perfect passive participle convocatis plus dative eis; Peshitta employs active perfect ܘܩܪܐ ܐܢܘܢ with direct object marker, semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct.

The Peshitta explicitly names Jesus (ܝܫܘܥ) as the subject of the calling and speaking, whereas Greek and Latin leave the subject implicit from narrative context. This represents a typical Syriac clarifying expansion for readability.

Greek ἐν παραβολαῖς (prepositional phrase with dative plural) and Latin in parabolis are structurally parallel; Syriac ܘܒܡܬܠܐ uses the singular form with prefixed preposition, a common Semitic idiom treating the abstract noun collectively.

Greek uses imperfect ἔλεγεν with dative αὐτοῖς followed by raised dot (·); Latin dicebat illis is followed by a colon introducing direct discourse; Peshitta ܐܡܪ ܠܗܘܢ employs perfect tense without explicit punctuation marker. The Vulgate's colon formally marks the transition to quoted speech.