Mark 4 : 15

Greek employs the copula εἰσιν explicitly (οὗτοι δέ εἰσιν), while Syriac uses a nominal sentence without copula (ܗܠܝܢ ܕܝܢ). Vulgate mirrors Greek with sunt, though the comma after sunt reflects Latin punctuation conventions rather than a semantic divergence.

Greek uses the article + prepositional phrase (οἱ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν) to identify the group; Vulgate employs a relative pronoun (qui circa viam); Syriac uses a compound preposition ܕܥܠ ܝܕ ('who [are] beside') without article, reflecting typical Semitic syntax.

Greek uses a relative adverb ὅπου ('where') introducing an impersonal passive construction (σπείρεται ὁ λόγος). Syriac restructures with a demonstrative pronoun ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ('these are they') followed by a passive participle ܕܡܙܕܪܥܐ ܒܗܘܢ ('in whom is sown'), making the people the locus rather than the location. Vulgate follows Greek with ubi seminatur verbum, maintaining the locative sense.

Greek εὐθύς and Syriac ܡܚܕܐ both denote immediacy; Vulgate confestim is a synonymous Latin adverb. All three convey the same temporal urgency but employ tradition-specific lexemes.

Greek includes the article ὁ before σατανᾶς, a standard Greek construction for proper names; Syriac ܣܛܢܐ and Vulgate Satanas lack the article, following their respective grammatical norms for proper nouns.

Greek uses a double article construction (τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐσπαρμένον) with a perfect passive participle modifying 'word'. Vulgate employs a relative clause (verbum quod seminatum est) to express the same participial idea. Syriac uses a pronominal suffix ܠܗ ('it') followed by the direct object marker and noun ܠܡܠܬܐ ܕܙܪܝܥܐ ('the word that is sown'), a typical Semitic resumptive construction.