Mark 12 : 10

Greek οὐδέ ('not even') and Latin Nec are equivalent negative-additive conjunctions; the Syriac ܘܐܦܠܐ is a compound (waw + ʾāp̄ + lā, 'and not even') prefixing the connective waw, lending a slightly more emphatic concessive force to the rhetorical question.

Greek τὴν γραφήν carries the definite article appropriate to a specific cited passage; the Vulgate scripturam and Syriac ܟܬܒܐ lack any analytic article, the Syriac relying on the emphatic state of ܟܬܒܐ to convey definiteness.

All three witnesses render the verb 'have you read' (ἀνέγνωτε / ܩܪܝܬܘܢ / legistis); the Vulgate isolates the introductory colon as a separate token, and the Greek attaches the high-point directly to the verb, both marking the transition to the Psalm citation (Ps 118:22).

Greek ἀπεδοκίμασαν and Latin reprobaverunt are finite third-plural aorist/perfect forms; the Syriac ܕܐܣܠܝܘ fuses the relative particle and the verb into one orthographic token, so the rejection-verb is shared with the relative pronoun index above.

Greek substantivises the participle with the article (οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, 'those building'), the Vulgate uses the bare present participle ædificantes, and the Syriac employs the simple emphatic plural noun ܒܢܝܐ ('the builders'), a nominal rather than participial construction expressing the same agent.

Greek οὗτος and Latin hic are masculine demonstratives resuming 'the stone'; the Syriac ܗܝ is the feminine pronoun, agreeing in gender with ܟܐܦܐ ('stone'), which is grammatically feminine in Syriac — a purely grammatical-gender divergence with no semantic effect.

γωνίας / ܕܙܘܝܬܐ / anguli — 'of the corner', completing the construct 'head of the corner' (Ps 118:22); the Vulgate appends a separate colon token closing the citation, which the Greek folds into the noun's punctuation.