Mark 12 : 30

The Greek opens with a coordinating καί plus future indicative ἀγαπήσεις, faithfully reproducing the LXX of Deut 6:5; the Vulgate matches with et + future diliges. The Peshitta fuses the conjunction, a relative/complementiser ܕ, and the verb into the single form ܘܕܬܪܚܡ, reflecting the Syriac tendency to subordinate the quoted commandment to the preceding verse.

Greek employs an articular accusative with a possessive enclitic (τὸν θεόν σου) and the Vulgate two words (Deum tuum); Syriac compresses 'your God' into the single inflected form ܐܠܗܟ with a pronominal suffix, a routine Semitic synthesis rather than a semantic divergence.

Greek 'whole' is articular (ὅλης τῆς), Latin anarthrous (toto), while Syriac ܟܠܗ carries the resumptive pronominal suffix 'all of it'; the three render the same totality idiom by differing morphosyntactic means.

Greek and Latin express 'your heart' analytically (καρδίας σου / corde tuo); Syriac ܠܒܟ synthesises noun and possessive suffix into one token, a standard Semitic feature with no semantic difference.

The preposition 'from' (ἐξ / ex) is borne by the prefixed ܡܢ embedded in the conjunction-cluster ܘܡܢ; Syriac joins conjunction and preposition orthographically, unlike the discrete Greek and Latin tokens.

As in the heart-clause, the totality marker is articular in Greek (ὅλης τῆς), bare adjective in Latin (tota), and suffixed pronoun in Syriac ܟܠܗ.

Greek ψυχῆς σου and Latin anima tua keep noun and possessive separate, while Syriac ܢܦܫܟ (root n-p-sh) synthesises 'your soul'; the lexemes are exact cognate equivalents.

The preposition ἐξ / ex is again carried within the agglutinated Syriac ܘܡܢ, conflating conjunction and preposition.

Totality expressed articularly in Greek (ὅλης τῆς), as bare tota in Latin, and as suffixed ܟܠܗ in Syriac.

Greek διανοίας ('understanding, intellect') and Latin mente render the faculty of mind; Syriac ܪܥܝܢܟ (root r-ʿ-n, 'mind/reasoning') is a near-cognate of Hebrew רַעְיוֹן and corresponds well, again synthesising the possessive suffix.

The fourth occurrence of 'from' is once more embedded in the Syriac cluster ܘܡܢ rather than standing as an independent preposition.

Final totality phrase: articular ὅλης τῆς in Greek, bare tota in Latin, suffixed ܟܠܗ in Syriac.

Greek ἰσχύος ('strength, might') and Latin virtute correspond to Syriac ܚܝܠܟ (root kh-y-l, cognate with Hebrew חַיִל), 'your strength'; the fourfold list heart-soul-mind-strength matches the Markan expansion of Deut 6:5 across all three witnesses.

Greek uses the bare demonstrative αὕτη with an implied copula; Latin makes the copula explicit (Hoc est); Syriac ܗܢܘ is itself a contraction of demonstrative plus enclitic third-person pronoun ('this-is'), so it parallels the Latin overt copula while remaining a single token.

All three attest 'commandment' (ἐντολή / ܦܘܩܕܢܐ / mandatum), but the Syriac orders the predicate noun before the ordinal (ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ), whereas Greek and Latin place 'first' before 'commandment'; a stylistic Semitic word-order preference without semantic effect.