Mark 14 : 18

Greek employs a genitive absolute (ἀνακειμένων αὐτῶν) with an explicit pronoun αὐτῶν, mirrored by the Vulgate ablative absolute discumbentibus eis. The Peshitta uses a temporal clause introduced by ܘܟܕ ('and while') with the participle ܣܡܝܟܝܢ and no explicit pronoun, a syntactically distinct but semantically equivalent construction.

Greek and Latin both place the article+subject after the verb-initial clause with ὁ Ἰησοῦς / Jesus following εἶπεν / ait. The Peshitta inverts the order, placing the verb ܐܡܪ before the subject ܝܫܘܥ without an article, the normal Syriac verb-subject sequence.

Greek finite verb εἶπεν· carries the speech-introducing function with raised dot; the Vulgate represents direct speech with a separate colon punctuation token. The Peshitta has no corresponding standalone verb here as ܐܡܪ already served the introduction.

Greek ὅτι and Latin quia introduce the content clause as a conjunction; the Peshitta fuses the complementiser into the following word as the proclitic ܕ- on ܕܚܕ ('that one'), so the subordinator and the numeral are written together.

Greek παραδώσει με and Latin tradet me place the future betrayal verb early in the clause; the Peshitta defers the verb ܢܫܠܡܢܝ (with enclitic object suffix '-me') to the very end after the participial subject phrase, reflecting the normal Syriac tendency to close the relative-clause subject before its predicate.

Greek substantivises the participle with article (ὁ ἐσθίων) and Latin uses a relative clause (qui manducat); the Peshitta employs the relative particle prefixed to the participle ܕܐܟܠ, all three expressing 'the one who eats' through distinct article/relative strategies.

The Peshitta adds the resumptive third-person pronoun ܗܘ ('he/that one') reinforcing the relative-clause subject before the deferred verb, a common Syriac copular/resumptive feature with no counterpart in the Greek or Latin.