Mark 14 : 44

Greek δεδώκει and Latin Dederat both render the pluperfect ('had given'), denoting the prior arrangement of the signal. The Peshitta ܘܝܗܒ uses a simple perfect with prefixed conjunction ('and gave'), losing the temporal anteriority and coordinating the clause rather than backgrounding it.

The postpositive Greek δέ and Latin autem mark the clause as a parenthetical narrative aside. The Peshitta lacks an adversative/continuative particle here, having instead absorbed the connective into the prefixed waw of ܘܝܗܒ (grouped above).

Greek substantivises the participle (ὁ παραδιδοὺς, 'the one betraying') and Latin uses an agent noun (traditor, 'the betrayer'). The Peshitta employs a double exponence: the agent noun ܡܫܠܡܢܐ plus a resumptive relative ܕܡܫܠܡ ('the betrayer who betrays'), a characteristic Syriac pleonastic construction.

Greek αὐτόν is an accusative object of the participle ('betraying him'). Latin renders the relation possessively with ejus ('his betrayer'), and the Peshitta supplies an independent pronoun ܗܘ functioning as the head of the resumptive relative clause; all three encode the same referent through different syntax.

Greek λέγων and Latin dicens use the present participle introducing direct speech, while the Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ uses a finite perfect with waw ('and said'). The Vulgate adds an explicit colon (token 7) before the quotation, a punctuational marker absent from the unpointed Greek and Syriac.

Greek ὃν ἂν φιλήσω is a relative clause with the modal particle ἄν plus aorist subjunctive, matched by Latin Quemcumque osculatus fuero (future perfect). The Peshitta ܗܘ ܕܢܫܩ ܐܢܐ uses a cleft 'the one whom I kiss' with an enclitic subject pronoun ܐܢܐ, achieving the same conditional-relative force without an indefinite particle.

Greek αὐτός ἐστιν and Latin ipse est are nominal predications with an explicit copula. The Peshitta compresses both pronoun and copula into the single fused form ܗܘܝܘ ('he [is] he/that is he'), a typical Syriac equational construction using the enclitic pronoun as predicate marker.

Greek ἀπάγετε ('lead away') and Latin ducite ('lead') share the deictic sense of removal under guard. The Peshitta ܘܐܘܒܠܘܗܝ (root w-b-l, 'convey/carry off', with object suffix) reuses the waw and verbal stem already counted; it specifies transport/escort rather than mere leading, a minor lexical nuance.