Mark 15 : 32

Greek prefixes the definite article (ὁ χριστός) marking the messianic title; both the Peshitta ܡܫܝܚܐ and the Vulgate Christus drop the article, which is morphologically unavailable in Latin and rendered determinate in Syriac by context alone.

Greek uses an articular noun phrase (ὁ βασιλεὺς) for 'the King'; the Peshitta employs a suffixed construct ܡܠܟܗ ('its/his King') anticipating the following genitive, while Latin rex is a bare nominative — three distinct ways of marking the determinative relationship.

Greek marks the genitive 'of Israel' with article + genitive case (τοῦ Ἰσραήλ); the Peshitta uses the proclitic relative/genitive particle ܕ- prefixed to the indeclinable name (ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ); Latin leaves Israël uninflected, relying on word order — equivalent genitive relations expressed by differing morphosyntactic means.

Greek expresses 'from the cross' with preposition + articular genitive (ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ); the Peshitta uses ܡܢ ܙܩܝܦܐ without an explicit article, and Latin de cruce likewise lacks one — a routine difference in determination across the traditions.

Greek and Syriac supply the dative object of belief (πιστεύσωμεν αὐτῷ / ܘܢܗܝܡܢ ܒܗ, 'believe in him'); the Clementine Vulgate reads credamus absolutely with no expressed object, following the shorter reading attested in part of the Latin tradition (cf. the omission of ei in some witnesses).

Greek and Latin mark the new clause with a single conjunction (καί / Et); the Peshitta intensifies with ܘܐܦ ('and also') plus the postpositive ܕܝܢ ('but/now'), a characteristic Syriac doubling of connective particles that adds mild emphasis absent from the other witnesses.

Greek uses an articular perfect participle (οἱ συνεσταυρωμένοι, 'those having been crucified together'); the Peshitta unfolds it into a relative + periphrastic perfect ܗܢܘܢ ܕܙܩܝܦܝܢ ܗܘܘ, and the Vulgate likewise into a relative clause with pluperfect qui ... crucifixi erant — the same idea rendered by participle versus finite relative constructions.

Greek uses the simple imperfect ὠνείδιζον ('were reviling'); the Peshitta forms a periphrastic past with active participle plus auxiliary ܡܚܣܕܝܢ ܗܘܘ to render the same durative aspect, while Latin convitiabantur is a single imperfect deponent — different morphological strategies for continuous past action.

Greek places the object in the accusative (αὐτόν, the case for the object of ὀνειδίζω); both the Peshitta ܠܗ (with proclitic ܠ-) and the Latin dative ei treat the reproached person as an indirect/marked object, reflecting each language's standard government of the verb 'to revile.' The Greek paragraph marker (¶) has no counterpart in the other witnesses.