Mark 4 : 10

Greek employs a temporal clause with ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο ('when now it happened'); Vulgate uses cum esset ('when he was'); Peshitta uses ܟܕ ܗܘܘ ܕܝܢ ('when they were'), shifting to plural subject to match the following plural verb. All three express the same temporal transition with different syntactic strategies.

Greek κατὰ μόνας (prepositional phrase, 'utterly alone') is rendered by Vulgate singularis (adjective, 'solitary') and Peshitta ܒܠܚܘܕܝܗܘܢ (prepositional phrase with pronominal suffix, 'by themselves'). The Syriac plural suffix anticipates the plural subject construction, while Greek and Latin maintain singular focus on Jesus.

Greek uses a complex nominal phrase with article and prepositional phrases: οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν σὺν τοῖς δώδεκα ('those around him with the Twelve'). Vulgate expands this into a relative clause: hi qui cum eo erant duodecim ('those who were with him, the Twelve'). Peshitta employs a more compact construction: ܗܢܘܢ ܕܥܡܗ ܥܡ ܬܪܥܣܪܬܗ ('those who [were] with him with his Twelve'), using a relative particle and pronominal suffix. All three distinguish between a broader group and the Twelve, but with different syntactic architectures.

Greek and Peshitta use the plural τὰς παραβολάς / ܡܬܠܐ ܗܘ ('the parables'), referring to multiple parables in the preceding discourse. Vulgate uses the singular parabolam ('the parable'), possibly focusing on the immediately preceding Parable of the Sower as the primary referent. The Peshitta's ܗܘ functions as a demonstrative ('that parable'), creating a definite singular construction despite the plural noun form.