Mark 4:18 — 希腊文 / 别西大 / 武加大对齐

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

omission Two witnesses

Greek NT ἄλλοι εἰσὶν

Vulgate alii sunt

The Peshitta omits the Greek ἄλλοι εἰσὶν ('others are') and Latin alii sunt, beginning directly with the demonstrative pronoun ܘܗܢܘܢ ('and these'). This represents a stylistic compression typical of Syriac narrative economy, eliminating the redundant copula construction in favor of immediate identification.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οἱ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπειρόμενοι·

Peshitta ܕܒܝܬ ܟܘܒܐ ܡܙܕܪܥܝܢ

Vulgate qui in spinas seminantur

Greek uses an articular substantival participle construction (οἱ εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπειρόμενοι, 'those being sown into the thorns') with preposition εἰς governing accusative. Syriac employs the compound preposition ܕܒܝܬ ('among/in') with ܟܘܒܐ ('thorns') plus passive participle ܡܙܕܪܥܝܢ. Latin qui in spinas seminantur mirrors the Greek structure with a relative clause, though seminantur is finite rather than participial.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation Vulgate only

Vulgate hi

The Vulgate inserts a colon after seminantur to mark the transition from identification to explanation, a punctuation convention absent in both Greek and Syriac manuscript traditions of this period.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οὗτοί εἰσιν

Peshitta ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ

Vulgate sunt qui

Greek and Latin place the demonstrative before the copula (οὗτοί εἰσιν / hi sunt), while Syriac reverses the order (ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ, 'these they-are'). This reflects standard Syriac syntax where the enclitic copula ܐܢܘܢ typically follows its subject, whereas Greek and Latin prefer demonstrative-copula sequencing.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT τὸν λόγον ἀκούσαντες

Peshitta ܕܫܡܥܘ ܡܠܬܐ

Vulgate audiunt

Greek employs an aorist participle ἀκούσαντες ('having heard') with articular accusative τὸν λόγον, emphasizing completed action. Latin verbum audiunt uses present indicative, suggesting ongoing or habitual action. Syriac ܕܫܡܥܘ ܡܠܬܐ ('who heard the word') uses a perfect tense with relative particle ܕ, aligning semantically with the Greek aorist but syntactically with the Latin relative construction.

Mark 4 : 18

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