Mark 4:36 — 希腊文 / 别西大 / 武加大对齐

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ἀφέντες

Peshitta ܘܫܒܩܘ

Vulgate dimittentes

Greek uses the aorist participle ἀφέντες ('having dismissed'); the Peshitta renders the action with a finite verb ܘܫܒܩܘ ('and they left'), folding the conjunction καί into the same word, while the Vulgate preserves the participial construction with dimittentes. The Syriac thus converts the subordinate participle into a coordinate finite clause, a common Semitic narrative style.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT παραλαμβάνουσιν

Peshitta ܘܕܒܪܘܗܝ

Vulgate assumunt

Greek παραλαμβάνουσιν and Latin assumunt are historic presents ('they take with them'), whereas the Peshitta ܘܕܒܪܘܗܝ uses a perfect-tense verb with conjunction ('and they took him'), again coordinating rather than retaining the Greek narrative present. The Syriac root d-b-r ('to lead, take along') captures the same sense of taking Jesus aboard.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ὡς

Peshitta ܟܕ

Vulgate ita ut

The Greek conjunction ὡς ('as, since') introducing the circumstantial clause is rendered by the single Syriac particle ܟܕ ('when, while') and by the Latin two-word phrase ita ut ('just as'). All three express the temporal-circumstantial nuance 'as he was', but the Syriac ܟܕ is more strictly temporal.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ἦν

Peshitta ܗܘ

Vulgate erat

The Greek imperfect ἦν ('he was') and Latin erat are explicit verbs; the Peshitta uses the third-person pronoun ܗܘ ('he [was]'), the verb 'to be' being left implicit in the Syriac nominal clause. This is the standard Syriac construction where the copula is supplied enclitically rather than as a finite verb.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ

Peshitta ܒܣܦܝܢܬܐ

Vulgate in navi et

Greek ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ and Latin in navi both use a preposition plus article plus noun; the Peshitta compresses this into the single inflected form ܒܣܦܝܢܬܐ ('in-the-boat'), with the prefixed ܒ carrying the prepositional sense and the emphatic state supplying definiteness. The Vulgate colon after navi is a punctuation marker absent in the Greek comma and the Syriac.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

omission Greek NT only

Greek NT δὲ

The Greek postpositive particle δέ ('and, now'), marking a mild adversative or continuative transition, has no separate equivalent in either the Peshitta or the Vulgate, which render the connection with the single conjunction (ܘ / et). Such untranslated discourse particles are routine in both versions.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἦν

Peshitta ܐܝܬ ܗܘܝ

Vulgate cum

Greek singular ἦν ('was') and Latin plural erant agree differently with the neuter plural subject 'boats' — Greek neuter plurals regularly take a singular verb, while Latin uses the plural. The Peshitta expresses existence with the existential particle ܐܝܬ plus the auxiliary ܗܘܝ ('there were'), a periphrastic construction proper to Syriac.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT μετ᾽ (met᾽)

Peshitta ܥܡܗܘܢ

Vulgate illo

Greek μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ and Latin cum illo are singular ('with him'), whereas the Peshitta ܥܡܗܘܢ is plural ('with them'). The Syriac plural suffix likely refers to the disciples in the boat collectively rather than to Jesus alone, a divergence in referent that subtly alters the sense.

Mark 4 : 36

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