Mark 12 : 31

The Vulgate inserts the adversative particle 'autem' (moreover/but) after 'Secundum', creating a mild contrastive transition absent in both the Greek καὶ δευτέρα and the Peshitta ܘܕܬܪܝܢ, which employ simple conjunctive constructions. This represents Latin stylistic preference for explicit discourse markers.

Greek uses the demonstrative pronoun αὕτη (this [is]) with implied copula; Peshitta employs the prepositional phrase ܠܗ (to it/like it); Vulgate makes the copula explicit with 'est illi' and adds a colon for punctuation. All three convey equivalence but through different syntactic strategies—Greek elliptical, Syriac prepositional, Latin explicit predication.

Greek places the adjective ἄλλη before the noun ἐντολὴ (another commandment); Peshitta reverses this to ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ (commandment another), following typical Semitic noun-adjective order. Vulgate mirrors Greek attributive position with 'aliud mandatum', demonstrating Greek influence on Latin word order in this construction.

Greek employs the standard negated copula οὐκ ἔστιν (there is not); Latin mirrors this with 'non est'. Peshitta uses the negative existential particle ܠܝܬ, a single lexeme functioning as both negation and copula, representing a distinctively Semitic grammatical strategy for expressing non-existence.