Mark 12 : 33

Greek καὶ ('and') is rendered as Vulgate Et ('and'), while Peshitta incorporates the conjunction into the verbal form ܘܕܢܪܚܡܝܘܗܝ. This reflects typical Syriac morphological economy where conjunctions prefix to verbs.

Greek uses articular infinitive construction (τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν, 'the loving him'); Vulgate employs ut + passive subjunctive (ut diligatur, 'that he be loved'); Peshitta uses ܘܕܢܪܚܡܝܘܗܝ ܐܢܫ ('and that one love him'), inserting an indefinite subject ܐܢܫ ('someone/one') absent in Greek and Latin. The Syriac construction makes the implicit agent explicit.

Greek ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας uses preposition + adjective + article + noun; Syriac ܡܢ ܟܠܗ ܠܒܐ employs preposition + adjective-with-suffix + noun (no article, as Syriac lacks definite articles); Vulgate ex toto corde mirrors Greek structure but with ablative case. The semantic content is identical despite morphosyntactic differences.

Greek repeats the articular infinitive construction (καὶ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν); Vulgate uses simple infinitive (et diligere); Peshitta employs prefixed conjunction + imperfect verb ܘܕܢܪܚܡ ('and that he love'), maintaining parallelism with the first clause but without repeating the indefinite subject.

Greek τὸν πλησίον uses article + adverbial accusative ('the neighbour'); Vulgate proximum is simple accusative; Peshitta ܩܪܝܒܗ ('his neighbour') adds a third-person possessive suffix, making the relationship more explicit.

Greek ὡς ἑαυτόν ('as himself') uses reflexive pronoun; Vulgate tamquam seipsum employs intensive reflexive; Peshitta ܐܝܟ ܢܦܫܗ ('like his soul/self') uses ܢܦܫܐ with possessive suffix, a common Semitic idiom for reflexive meaning. All three express identical semantics through language-specific reflexive strategies.

Greek ἐστιν follows the comparative adjective; Vulgate est follows majus in standard Latin word order; Peshitta ܗܝ ('it is') appears after the adjective ܝܬܝܪܐ, with feminine gender agreeing with an implied feminine subject (the act of loving). All three place the copula post-adjectivally but with different gender agreements.

Greek καὶ τῶν θυσιῶν repeats the article and uses genitive plural; Vulgate et sacrificiis continues the ablative construction; Peshitta ܘܕܒܚܐ uses simple conjunction + singular noun, a typical Syriac collective singular for plural meaning. The semantic range is identical despite number variation.