Mark 15 : 40

Greek uses simple imperfect ἦσαν; Peshitta employs the periphrastic construction ܐܝܬ ܗܘܝ (existential particle + hwā), a characteristic Syriac idiom for past existence. Vulgate mirrors Greek with simple imperfect Erant.

Greek uses present participle θεωροῦσαι; Peshitta employs relative clause with active participle ܕܚܙܝܢ ܗܘܝ (d-ḥāzyān hway, 'who were seeing'), again using periphrastic construction. Vulgate uses simple present participle aspicientes, matching Greek syntax.

Greek ἐν αἷς ἦν καὶ ('among whom was also') and Vulgate inter quas erat ('among whom was') employ a relative clause to introduce the list of women. Peshitta omits this construction entirely, proceeding directly to the enumeration of names without transitional syntax.

Greek uses article ἡ before Μαγδαληνή as an attributive modifier; Peshitta employs the emphatic state ܡܓܕܠܝܬܐ (Magdalītā) without separate article, following standard Syriac nominal syntax. Vulgate punctuates Magdalene with comma, treating it as appositive.

Greek places μήτηρ ('mother') after both sons' names in post-positive construction: 'Mary the [one] of James the less and of Joses mother.' Peshitta fronts ܐܡܗ ('mother of') before the names: 'Mary mother-of Jacob the-small and-of-Joses.' Vulgate splits the construction with genitives: 'Mary of-Jacob the-less and Joseph mother,' creating ambiguity about whether 'mother' governs both names or only Joseph.