Mark 4:12 — 希臘文 / 別西大 / 武加大對齊

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

substitution All three attest

Greek NT καὶ μὴ ἴδωσιν

Peshitta ܘܠܐ ܢܚܙܘܢ

Vulgate et non videant

Greek distinguishes βλέπω ('look physically') from εἴδω/ὁράω ('perceive, understand') to express the paradox of seeing without perceiving. Peshitta uses the same root ܚܙܐ twice (ܢܚܙܘܢ ܘܠܐ ܢܚܙܘܢ), collapsing the semantic distinction into a single verb with negation, while Vulgate mirrors the Greek distinction with videant...et non videant, maintaining the paradoxical construction through repetition of the same Latin verb.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation All three attest

Greek NT καὶ

Peshitta ܘܟܕ

Vulgate et audientes

Vulgate inserts a colon after the first clause (videant :) and repeats the conjunction et before the second clause, creating stronger rhetorical punctuation. Greek and Peshitta use simple καὶ/ܘܟܕ without such marked pause, maintaining smoother syntactic flow between the parallel clauses.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation Vulgate only

Vulgate convertantur

Vulgate again inserts a colon after intelligant to mark the transition to the purpose clause, creating a three-part structure with heightened rhetorical emphasis. Greek and Peshitta proceed directly to μήποτε/ܕܠܡܐ without punctuational break.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ ἀφεθῇ αὐτοῖς

Peshitta ܘܢܫܬܒܩܘܢ ܠܗܘܢ

Vulgate eis peccata

Greek places the conjunction καὶ before the passive verb ἀφεθῇ with dative αὐτοῖς following, creating the sequence 'and-be-forgiven to-them'. Peshitta uses the Ethpeal ܘܢܫܬܒܩܘܢ ܠܗܘܢ ('and-they-be-forgiven to-them') with active plural morphology. Vulgate mirrors Greek word order (et dimittantur eis) but uses plural passive subjunctive, aligning more closely with Peshitta's plural conception while maintaining Greek syntax.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT τὰ ἁμαρτήματα.¶

Peshitta ܚܛܗܝܗܘܢ

Greek uses the neuter plural article τὰ with ἁμαρτήματα ('the sins'), treating sins as a definite collective object. Peshitta employs the pronominal suffix construction ܚܛܗܝܗܘܢ ('their-sins'), making possession explicit. Vulgate uses bare plural peccata without article, following Latin's lack of definite articles while semantically aligning with the Greek definite sense through context.

Mark 4 : 12

批判性批註