Mark 7 : 18

Greek and Vulgate open with the connective καί / Et; the Peshitta omits the introductory conjunction altogether, beginning directly with the verb ܐܡܪ, a common Syriac stylistic preference avoiding sentence-initial waw before a finite verb of speaking.

Greek λέγει is present tense (historic present, 'he says'); the Vulgate ait and Peshitta ܐܡܪ both render with a past/perfect ('he said'), normalising the vivid Greek historic present into a narrative preterite.

Greek ἀσύνετοί ἐστε ('are you without understanding') is rendered in the Vulgate with imprudentes estis, shifting from intellectual incapacity toward imprudence; the Peshitta ܥܛܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ uses the root e-T-l connoting 'dull/obtuse/slow', a further lexical nuance. The Vulgate marks the interrogation with a question mark (idx 9).

Greek νοεῖτε and Vulgate intelligitis are single finite verbs; the Peshitta employs the periphrastic participle plus enclitic pronoun ܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ, the standard Syriac analytic present construction expressing the same durative sense.

Greek πᾶν and Vulgate omne use a single neuter substantive ('everything'); the Peshitta renders with the idiomatic pair ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ('all [a] thing'), a fixed Syriac collocation for 'everything' employing the indefinite noun ܡܕܡ.

Greek uses article + adverb τὸ ἔξωθεν ('that which is from outside'); the Vulgate extrinsecus reproduces the adverb alone; the Peshitta expands to a prepositional phrase ܕܡܢ ܠܒܪ ('that which is from without'), syntactically fuller but semantically equivalent.

The resumptive object pronoun (αὐτόν / ܠܗ / eum) occupies different positions: Greek places it before the infinitive κοινῶσαι, Latin before communicare, while the Peshitta enclitic ܠܗ follows the verb, each conforming to its language's preferred clitic placement.