Mark 1 : 19

Greek opens with simple coordinating καί + participle (προβὰς), whereas Syriac ܘܟܕ ('and when') subordinates the action with a temporal conjunction. The Vulgate Et reproduces the Greek paratactic structure with the coordinating conjunction.

Greek and Latin use an aorist/perfect participle (προβὰς / progressus, 'having gone forward'), while Syriac ܥܒܪ is a finite verb governed by the preceding ܘܟܕ clause. This reflects the Syriac preference for temporal-clause subordination over Greek circumstantial participles.

The local adverb ἐκεῖθεν ('from there') is rendered by Vulgate inde but has no explicit equivalent in the Peshitta, which omits the deictic 'from there' and conveys only the forward motion. Such locative adverbs are frequently dropped in Syriac when contextually inferable.

Greek expresses 'the [son] of Zebedee' by an articular substantival genitive (τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου) with the noun 'son' implied; Syriac makes 'son' explicit with ܒܪ ܙܒܕܝ, while the Vulgate genitive Zebedæi leaves it implicit like the Greek. The three traditions render the same filiation through three different syntactic strategies.

Syriac prefixes the conjunction directly to the proper name in a single orthographic unit ܘܠܝܘܚܢܢ ('and John'), fusing the καί of the Greek with the name, whereas Greek and Latin keep the conjunction and name as separate tokens.

Greek and Latin render 'his brother' with article/noun plus a separate genitive pronoun (τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ / fratrem ejus), while Syriac compresses the whole phrase into a single suffixed noun ܐܚܘܗܝ ('his-brother'), the normal Semitic possessive construction.

Greek uses preposition + article + dative (ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ) and Latin in navi, both with the article-bearing structure where present; Syriac compresses preposition and noun into the single prepositional form ܒܣܦܝܢܬܐ ('in the boat'), the standard Semitic prefixed-preposition pattern.

Greek and Latin use a present participle (καταρτίζοντας / componentes, 'mending') in attributive apposition to the object; Syriac employs a relative clause ܕܡܬܩܢܝܢ ('who were mending') with a finite verb, the typical Syriac equivalent of the Greek circumstantial participle.

The Vulgate closes the verse with a colon, marking the syntactic suspension before the following clause; neither the Greek nor the Syriac transmits a corresponding punctuation token here.