Mark 14 : 71

Greek aorist ἤρξατο ('he began') is rendered in Syriac by the inceptive verb ܫܪܝ followed by the auxiliary ܗܘܐ (a periphrastic past construction); Latin cœpit matches the Greek with a single perfect. The Syriac periphrasis is idiomatic and semantically equivalent.

The Greek conjunction καί + infinitive ὀμνύναι is collapsed in Syriac into the single waw-prefixed verb ܘܝܡܐ ('and he swore'), so the connective and the verb of swearing share one token; Latin preserves the discrete et jurare. The difference is purely orthographic-morphological.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the transition into direct discourse before Quia, a punctuational feature absent from the unpointed Greek and Syriac witnesses. It functions as an editorial speech-marker rather than a textual variant.

Greek separates the negation (οὐκ) from the verb (οἶδα), and Syriac fuses the negative with the conjunctive d- in ܕܠܐ ('that not'); Latin compresses negation and verb into the single lexeme nescio. All three express the same negated cognition.

Greek uses the perfect οἶδα with implicit subject and Latin the synthetic nescio; Syriac makes the first-person subject explicit with the enclitic pronoun ܐܢܐ following the participle ܝܕܥ, a normal Syriac analytic construction for the present-stative verb.

Greek λέγετε and Latin dicitis encode the second-person-plural subject within the finite verb; Syriac uses the participle ܕܐܡܪܝܢ with a separate independent pronoun ܐܢܬܘܢ ('you [pl.] say'), again reflecting the analytic Syriac present construction rather than any semantic divergence.