Mark 15 : 4

Greek opens with the article ὁ functioning as a weak demonstrative subject-marker; Syriac ܗܘ ('he/that one') likewise serves as an anaphoric pronominal subject. The Vulgate has no corresponding token, placing the proper noun first.

All three attest the object pronoun ('him'), but its placement differs: Greek and Latin place αὐτόν/eum immediately after the verb, while Syriac ܠܗ is cliticised after the participle ܘܐܡܪ ('and said to him'), reflecting the Syriac coordinate-clause idiom.

Greek uses the present participle λέγων ('saying') as a circumstantial complement, matched by Latin participle dicens; Syriac renders this with a finite coordinated verb ܘܐܡܪ ('and said'), the standard Semitic paratactic construction for introducing direct speech.

Greek ἀποκρίνῃ and Latin respondes encode the second-person subject within the verb morphology, whereas Syriac analytically separates the participle ܡܦܢܐ from the explicit pronoun ܐܢܬ ('you'), a typical Aramaic periphrastic present construction.

Greek οὐδέν and Latin quidquam are indefinite/negative pronouns ('nothing/anything'), while Syriac supplies the concrete noun ܦܬܓܡܐ ('a word/answer'), an idiomatic expansion specifying the content of the (non-)reply rather than abstract nothingness.

Greek uses the bare neuter plural interrogative πόσα ('how many things'); Syriac ܟܡܐ likewise stands alone, while the Vulgate employs a prepositional construction in quantis ('in how many [matters]'), introducing an instrumental/relational nuance absent from the other witnesses.

Greek κατηγοροῦσιν and Latin accusant both denote formal accusation ('they accuse'), whereas Syriac ܡܣܗܕܝܢ derives from the root s-h-d ('to witness/testify'), reframing the action as bearing testimony rather than legal indictment — a subtle lexical shift toward forensic witness.

Greek expresses the accused party with the genitive σου ('of you') governed by the verb of accusing; Latin te is accusative and Syriac ܥܠܝܟ uses the preposition ʿal ('against you'). Each tradition selects the case/preposition idiomatically demanded by its respective verb of accusation.