Mark 9 : 31

Greek ἐδίδασκεν is a simple imperfect indicative; the Peshitta renders the durative aspect periphrastically with ܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ (participle + enclitic ܗܘܐ), a characteristic Syriac construction for past continuous action. The Vulgate Docebat matches the Greek imperfect with a single inflected form.

Greek expresses the object and possessor analytically with article + noun + genitive pronoun (τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ); Syriac compresses all three into a single inflected form ܠܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ bearing the object marker and the 3ms suffix. The Vulgate discipulos suos parallels the Greek with a separate possessive adjective.

Greek and Latin coordinate two finite verbs (καὶ ἔλεγεν / et dicebat); the Peshitta fuses the conjunction and verb into ܘܐܡܪ, a perfect rather than a continuous form, slightly flattening the iterative force preserved in the Greek imperfect ἔλεγεν.

Greek ὅτι introduces the reported speech recitatively; Latin marks the boundary with both a colon and Quoniam, and Syriac prefixes the proclitic ܕ directly to the following noun (ܕܒܪܗ). The three traditions agree in sense but differ in how the speech-margin is graphically and grammatically signalled.

The Semitic title 'Son of Man' is rendered with article + noun + genitive in Greek (ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου) and articleless construct-like genitive in Latin (Filius hominis), while Syriac uses the construct with the 3ms suffix and relative particle ܕܒܪܗ ܕܐܢܫܐ, reflecting the native idiom underlying the Greek calque.

Greek παραδίδοται is present passive with futuristic-prophetic force; Latin tradetur shifts overtly to the future tense; Syriac ܡܫܬܠܡ is an Ethpaal participle expressing the impending action durativiely. The temporal nuance differs while the meaning ('is being/will be handed over') is shared.

Greek and Latin express 'and they will kill him' with conjunction + finite verb + separate accusative pronoun (καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν αὐτόν / et occident eum); Syriac condenses the whole clause into the single form ܘܢܩܛܠܘܢܝܗܝ, incorporating the waw, the imperfect plural, and the 3ms object suffix.

Greek uses the aorist passive participle ἀποκτανθείς ('having been killed'), matched closely by Latin occisus; Syriac instead employs a temporal clause ܘܡܐ ܕܐܬܩܛܠ ('and when he has been killed') with the Ethpeel perfect, converting the Greek circumstantial participle into a finite subordinate construction.