Mark 1 : 12

EN Immediately the Spirit drove him out into the wilderness.

ES Y luego el Espíritu le impele al desierto.

ZH-HANS 圣灵就把耶稣催到旷野里去。

ZH-HANT 聖靈就把耶穌催到曠野裏去。

Critical apparatus

4 variants · 3 witnesses

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT εὐθὺς

Peshitta ܘܡܚܕܐ

Vulgate statim

Greek εὐθύς and Latin statim are discrete adverbs ('immediately'), whereas Syriac fuses the conjunction and temporal sense into the single prefixed form ܘܡܚܕܐ ('and at once'); the Syriac token therefore does double duty for both the Greek καί and εὐθύς.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT ἐκβάλλει

Peshitta ܐܦܩܬܗ

Vulgate expulit

Greek ἐκβάλλει is a vivid historic present ('drives out'), while both the Syriac perfect ܐܦܩܬܗ and the Latin perfect expulit render the action as completed past; the Semitic and Latin traditions normalise Mark's characteristic present tense into a narrative preterite.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT αὐτὸν

Peshitta ܐܦܩܬܗ

Vulgate eum

The pronominal object 'him' is expressed by an independent accusative αὐτόν in Greek and eum in Latin, but is encoded as the enclitic object suffix -ܗ attached to the verb ܐܦܩܬܗ in Syriac, a typical Aramaic morphosyntactic economy.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT εἰς τὴν ἔρημον

Peshitta ܠܡܕܒܪܐ

Vulgate in desertum

Greek εἰς τὴν ἔρημον and Latin in desertum both employ a preposition plus articular/substantive noun, whereas Syriac ܠܡܕܒܪܐ uses the prefixed allative particle ܠ- with the noun, dispensing with a separate preposition; the article is moreover unmarked in the Syriac state.