Mark 10 : 11

Greek λέγει is a vivid historic present ('he says'); the Vulgate ait and the Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ render the verb as a simple past/aorist. The Syriac additionally fuses the conjunction 'and' (ܘ-) with the verb, so a single token covers both the καί and the verb of the Greek.

Greek uses the indefinite relative ὅς ἄν (relative pronoun + modal particle, 'whoever'); the Vulgate compresses this into the single indefinite relative Quicumque, while Syriac employs the analytic construction ܟܠ ܡܢ ('everyone who'), a typical Aramaic periphrasis for the universal relative.

Greek expresses 'his wife' analytically with article + noun + genitive pronoun (τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ), matched by the Vulgate uxorem suam; Syriac synthesises the whole phrase into a single inflected form ܐܢܬܬܗ with a pronominal suffix, eliminating the separate article and possessive.

The coordinating καί ('and') plus γαμήσῃ ('shall marry') is rendered by the prefixed-conjunction verb ܘܢܣܒ in Syriac (literally 'and shall take'), using the verb 'to take' as the idiom for marrying. The Vulgate's et here governs the later duxerit (token 10), reflecting Latin word order.

Latin renders 'shall marry' with duxerit (from ducere uxorem, 'to lead [a wife]'), an idiom paralleling the Greek γαμήσῃ and the Syriac 'take'; the verb is placed after the object aliam, reflecting standard Latin clause-final verb position.

Greek μοιχᾶται is a single middle/passive present verb ('commits adultery'); the Vulgate analyses the action into noun + verb adulterium committit, while Syriac ܓܐܪ (root g-w-r) is again a single finite verb, agreeing structurally with the Greek economy.

Greek ἐπ᾽ αὐτήν ('against her') is faithfully rendered by the Vulgate super eam, but the Peshitta omits the prepositional phrase entirely, leaving the adultery clause without an explicit object — a recurring Syriac tendency to drop the disputed ἐπ᾽ αὐτήν in this logion.