Mark 10:18 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

omission Two witnesses

Greek NT Ὁ δὲ

Vulgate autem

Greek opens with the articular subject plus the postpositive connective δέ (Ὁ δὲ), and the Vulgate renders the connective with autem. The Peshitta omits any connective particle entirely, beginning paratactically with the verb ܐܡܪ, a stylistic feature typical of Syriac narrative.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT εἶπεν

Peshitta ܐܡܪ

Vulgate dixit

All three witnesses attest the verb of speaking (εἶπεν / ܐܡܪ / dixit), but the Peshitta fronts the verb to the very head of the clause before the subject, whereas Greek and Latin place the subject Jesus first.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT λέγεις

Peshitta ܩܪܐ ܐܢܬ

Vulgate bonum

Greek λέγεις and Latin dicis are synthetic present indicatives carrying the second-person subject within the verbal morphology. The Peshitta uses the participle ܩܪܐ ('call') with the independent pronoun ܐܢܬ as an enclitic subject marker, a periphrastic Syriac construction; the choice of the root q-r-a ('call/name') rather than 'say' is also a slight lexical nuance.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οὐδεὶς

Peshitta ܠܝܬ

Vulgate nisi

Greek substantivises the negation with οὐδείς ('no one'), and Latin matches with nemo. The Peshitta uses the existential negator ܠܝܬ ('there is not'), restructuring the clause as 'there is none good' rather than 'no one is good' — an equivalent sense via a different syntactic frame.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

idiom All three attest

Greek NT εἰ μὴ

Peshitta ܐܠܐ ܐܢ

Vulgate Deus

Greek expresses the exception with the two-word idiom εἰ μή ('except'), and the Peshitta likewise uses two particles ܐܠܐ ܐܢ. The Latin compresses this into the single conjunction nisi, an idiomatic one-for-two correspondence.

Mark 10 : 18

Critical apparatus