Mark 10 : 32

Greek opens with the imperfect Ἦσαν ('they were') governing the participle ἀναβαίνοντες in a periphrastic construction; the Peshitta inverts the sequence, fronting the participle ܣܠܩܝܢ with the auxiliary ܗܘܘ following, and prefaces the whole with the temporal subordinator ܟܕ ('while'). Latin Erant matches the Greek finite verb directly.

Greek ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ and Latin in via render the prepositional phrase analytically with the definite article; Syriac ܒܐܘܪܚܐ fuses preposition, noun, and inherent determination into a single inflected form, the emphatic state supplying the definiteness expressed by the Greek article.

The Greek present participle ἀναβαίνοντες and Latin ascendentes function as predicate participles within the periphrastic 'they were going up'; the Syriac realises the same idea through the participle ܣܠܩܝܢ plus auxiliary ܗܘܘ already counted at the verse opening, so the alignment reflects shared lexical content with divergent clausal placement.

Greek uses εἰς + accusative Ἱεροσόλυμα ('to Jerusalem') and Latin the bare allative accusative Jerosolymam; Syriac ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ prefixes the directional ܠ to the toponym, a single token absorbing the preposition. The parenthetical transliteration in the Greek input is editorial and carries no textual weight.

Greek ἦν προάγων is overtly periphrastic (imperfect of εἰμί + present participle); Latin collapses this into the single imperfect præcedebat, while Syriac employs ܩܕܝܡ ܗܘܐ, again periphrastic with the verb 'to be'. All express durative leading-on-before, differing only in analytic versus synthetic encoding.

Greek marks the subject with article + name (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) placed after the participle; Syriac fronts the independent pronoun ܗܘ before ܝܫܘܥ as an emphatic resumptive ('he, Jesus'); Latin gives the bare Jesus. The differences are stylistic markers of subject prominence, not semantic divergences.

Greek ἐθαμβοῦντο and Latin stupebant are simple imperfect passives ('they were amazed'); Syriac renders this with the participle ܘܡܬܬܡܗܝܢ plus auxiliary ܗܘܘ, an Ethpaal periphrasis conveying the same durative astonishment by analytic means.

Greek substantivises the participle with article and connective δέ (οἱ δὲ ἀκολουθοῦντες, 'and those following'); Latin gives the bare participle et sequentes; Syriac recasts the clause finitely as ܘܐܙܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܬܪܗ ('and they were going after him'), supplying an explicit verb of motion plus pronominal object where the Greek and Latin use a single participial substantive.

Greek ἐφοβοῦντο and Latin timebant stand as a finite imperfect of fear; the Peshitta subordinates the same notion with ܟܕ ܕܚܝܠܝܢ ('while [they were] afraid'), turning the third coordinate clause into a temporal-circumstantial participial phrase headed by ܟܕ. The Greek paragraph marker ¶ is editorial.

Greek and Latin open the new sentence with the coordinating conjunction Καὶ / Et governing a following aorist participle; Syriac fuses conjunction and verb into ܘܕܒܪ ('and he took'), expressing as a finite verb what the Greek παραλαβών renders participially.

Greek aorist participle παραλαβών and Latin present participle assumens express the circumstantial 'having taken/taking'; Syriac ܘܕܒܪ (already counted with the conjunction) is a finite perfect, reflecting the Syriac preference for paratactic finite verbs over Greek participial subordination.

Greek πάλιν ('again') and Latin iterum explicitly mark the repetition of the passion prediction; the Peshitta has no corresponding adverb, omitting the connection to the earlier predictions (cf. Mark 8:31; 9:31). This is a characteristic Syriac economising of redundant Greek particles.

Greek τοὺς δώδεκα and Latin duodecim render 'the Twelve' analytically with a determiner; Syriac ܠܬܪܥܣܪܬܗ fuses the directional/object marker ܠ, the numeral, and a third-person pronominal suffix ('his twelve'), the suffix adding a possessive nuance absent from the Greek and Latin.

Greek λέγειν and Latin dicere are bare complementary infinitives after the verb of beginning; Syriac ܕܢܐܡܪ employs an imperfect prefixed with the subordinator ܕ, the standard Syriac substitute for the Greek infinitive in complement position.