Mark 10:48 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT καὶ

Peshitta ܘܟܐܝܢ ܗܘܘ

Vulgate Et

The Peshitta employs a periphrastic construction ܘܟܐܝܢ ܗܘܘ (wə-kāʾēn hwaw, 'and they were') to render the Greek imperfect ἐπετίμων, making the auxiliary verb explicit where Greek and Latin use synthetic verb forms.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

lexical All three attest

Greek NT ὁ δὲ

Peshitta ܗܘ ܕܝܢ

Vulgate At ille

Greek uses the article + δέ construction (ὁ δέ, 'but he'), Latin employs the adversative At ille ('but he'), and Syriac uses the pronoun ܗܘ with the postpositive particle ܕܝܢ (dēn)—all functionally equivalent contrastive constructions with slight stylistic variation.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT πολλῷ μᾶλλον

Peshitta ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ

Vulgate multo magis

Greek employs the dative of degree πολλῷ with the comparative adverb μᾶλλον ('much more'), which Latin mirrors with multo magis; Syriac uses the single adverb ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ (yattīrāʾīt, 'exceedingly'), a synthetic form expressing the same intensification.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT ἔκραζεν·

Peshitta ܩܥܐ ܗܘܐ

Vulgate clamabat

The Peshitta again uses a periphrastic construction ܩܥܐ ܗܘܐ (qāʿē hwā, 'he was crying out') to render the Greek imperfect ἔκραζεν, while Greek and Latin employ synthetic imperfect forms (ἔκραζεν / clamabat).

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

expansion Two witnesses

Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ

Vulgate Fili

The Peshitta adds the verb ܘܐܡܪ (wə-ʾmar, 'and he said'), introducing the direct speech explicitly, while the Greek uses a colon after ἔκραζεν and the Vulgate uses a colon after clamabat to mark the transition to direct discourse without an additional verb of speaking.

Mark 10 : 48

Critical apparatus