Mark 10:4 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οἱ δὲ

Peshitta ܗܢܘܢ ܕܝܢ

Vulgate Qui

Greek employs article + postpositive conjunction (οἱ δέ); Peshitta mirrors this with pronoun + postpositive particle (ܗܢܘܢ ܕܝܢ); Vulgate uses only the relative pronoun Qui, omitting an explicit adversative particle—stylistically equivalent but syntactically streamlined.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation All three attest

Greek NT εἶπαν·

Peshitta ܐܡܪܝܢ

Vulgate dixerunt Moyses

Vulgate separates the verb dixerunt from the following quotation with a colon, making the punctuation mark a discrete token; Greek and Peshitta integrate punctuation into the verb token itself (εἶπαν· / ܐܡܪܝܢ).

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

expansion All three attest

Greek NT ἐπέτρεψεν Μωϋσῆς

Peshitta ܡܘܫܐ ܐܦܣ ܠܢ

Vulgate permisit libellum

Peshitta inserts the dative pronoun ܠܢ ('to us') after the verb ܐܦܣ ('permitted'), making explicit the indirect object implied in Greek ἐπέτρεψεν and Latin permisit. This expansion clarifies the recipients of Moses' permission, a typical Syriac explicitation strategy.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT βιβλίον ἀποστασίου γράψαι

Peshitta ܕܢܟܬܘܒ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܒܩܢܐ

Vulgate repudii scribere et

Greek places the infinitive γράψαι after the noun phrase βιβλίον ἀποστασίου ('to write a certificate of divorce'); Peshitta reverses this to ܕܢܟܬܘܒ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܒܩܢܐ ('that he write a document of release'), fronting the infinitive in a subordinate clause construction. Vulgate follows Greek word order (libellum repudii scribere) but uses a gerund rather than infinitive.

Mark 10 : 4

Critical apparatus