Mark 10 : 5

Greek καί (G2532) is omitted in both Peshitta and Vulgate, which begin directly with the participial construction. This reflects a stylistic preference in translation, as the conjunction is redundant in narrative flow when the participial phrase itself signals continuation.

Greek employs a participial construction (ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν) with postpositive δέ, while Peshitta uses finite verbs in sequence (ܥܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܪ, 'answered Jesus and said') and Vulgate uses a relative pronoun with participle (Quibus respondens Jesus, ait). All three convey identical semantics through different syntactic strategies typical of their respective languages.

Greek σκληροκαρδία (G4641, 'hardness of heart') is a compound noun with article and prepositional phrase (πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν). Peshitta uses a construct chain (ܩܫܝܘܬ ܠܒܟܘܢ, 'hardness of-your-heart') with preposition ܠܘܩܒܠ ('because of'). Vulgate employs duritiam cordis ('hardness of-heart') with genitive vestri. All three traditions express the same causal relationship with morphologically distinct but semantically equivalent constructions.

Greek and Vulgate both conclude with punctuation (Greek raised dot, Vulgate colon), while Peshitta has no terminal punctuation mark. The demonstrative pronoun placement is identical across all three (ταύτην / ܗܢܐ / istud), but Vulgate's final colon suggests continuation into the following verse, whereas Greek uses a medial stop.