Mark 11:17 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἐδίδασκεν

Peshitta ܘܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ

Vulgate docebat

Greek imperfect ἐδίδασκεν ('was teaching') is rendered in Syriac periphrastically with the auxiliary ܗܘܐ (ܘܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ), the standard Syriac means of expressing durative past aspect. The Vulgate imperfect docebat matches the Greek aspect directly.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ ἔλεγεν

Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ

Vulgate dicens

Greek coordinates two finite verbs (καὶ ἔλεγεν, 'and was saying'); the Vulgate subordinates the second verb as a present participle (dicens), while Syriac retains a coordinated finite verb (ܘܐܡܪ). The participial construction in Latin is a stylistic simplification of the Semitic-style verbal parataxis.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οὐ

Peshitta ܠܐ

Vulgate scriptum

Greek οὐ introduces a question expecting an affirmative answer ('is it not written?'); the Vulgate captures this nuance with the interrogative particle Nonne, whereas Syriac uses the plain negative ܠܐ, leaving the interrogative force to be inferred from context and intonation.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction Two witnesses

Greek NT ὅτι

Vulgate domus mea

Greek recitative ὅτι introduces the direct quotation and is matched by the Vulgate's Quia (with preceding colon). In Syriac the quotative force is absorbed into the proclitic ܕ- prefixed to ܕܒܝܬܝ, so no separate token corresponds; this is a normal feature of Syriac syntax rather than an omission of content.

Mark 11 : 17

Critical apparatus