Mark 12 : 41

Greek uses conjunction καὶ with aorist participle καθίσας (having sat down); Peshitta employs temporal conjunction ܘܟܕ with perfect ܝܬܒ (when he sat); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure with Et + present participle sedens. All three convey simultaneous action but through different aspectual constructions.

Greek uses prepositional phrase κατέναντι τοῦ γαζοφυλακίου (opposite the treasury) with single compound noun; Peshitta employs ܠܘܩܒܠ ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ (opposite the house of treasure), a two-word construct chain typical of Semitic idiom; Vulgate uses contra gazophylacium, borrowing the Greek loanword directly.

Greek employs imperfect ἐθεώρει (he was watching) as simple finite verb; Peshitta uses periphrastic construction ܚܐܪ ܗܘܐ (active participle + auxiliary, 'he was watching'); Vulgate uses imperfect aspiciebat. The Peshitta's periphrastic form emphasizes durative aspect more explicitly than the Greek synthetic form.

Greek includes definite article ὁ with ὄχλος (the crowd); Syriac ܟܢܫܐ and Latin turba lack articles, both languages rendering the collective noun in its unmarked form.

Greek uses present indicative singular βάλλει (casts) with collective subject; Peshitta employs plural participle ܪܡܝܢ (casting), treating the collective as distributive plural; Vulgate uses imperfect subjunctive singular jactaret in indirect question. The Peshitta's plural reflects Semitic preference for notional agreement with collective nouns.

Greek uses prepositional phrase εἰς τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον (into the treasury) with article and accusative; Peshitta repeats construct chain ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ without preposition (direct object); Vulgate uses in gazophylacium with preposition. The Peshitta's repetition of the treasury designation (tokens 4-5 and 12-13) creates stylistic emphasis absent in Greek and Latin.

Greek καὶ introduces new clause; Peshitta ܘ is prefixed to ܣܓܝܐܐ (and many), creating different word order; Vulgate et stands independently. The Peshitta's conjunction is bound morphologically to the following adjective rather than standing as separate particle.

Greek places πολλοὶ πλούσιοι (many rich [people]) in attributive order; Peshitta reverses to ܣܓܝܐܐ ܥܬܝܪܐ (many rich), with ܣܓܝܐܐ functioning as substantive; Vulgate follows Greek order with multi divites. The word-order variation reflects differing conventions for substantivized adjective phrases.

Greek uses imperfect ἔβαλλον (were casting); Peshitta employs periphrastic ܪܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ (active participle + auxiliary); Vulgate uses imperfect jactabant. The Peshitta again uses periphrastic construction for imperfective aspect, paralleling its treatment of the main verb in token group 7.