Mark 13:4 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ τί τὸ σημεῖον

Peshitta ܘܡܢܐ ܐܬܐ

Vulgate quod signum erit quando

Greek uses καὶ τί τὸ σημεῖον (conjunction + interrogative + article + noun); Peshitta employs ܘܡܢܐ ܐܬܐ (conjunction + interrogative-noun compound); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure with et quod signum erit. All three are semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct in their interrogative formulations.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

substitution All three attest

Greek NT ὅταν μέλλῃ

Peshitta ܡܐ ܕܩܪܝܒܢ

Vulgate hæc

Greek ὅταν μέλλῃ ('when [they] are about to') uses the auxiliary verb μέλλω to express imminence; Peshitta ܡܐ ܕܩܪܝܒܢ ('when [they] draw near') employs a spatial-temporal metaphor of proximity; Vulgate quando alone lacks the imminence marker, creating a simpler temporal clause. The Peshitta's choice reflects Semitic idiom for eschatological nearness.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ταῦτα συντελεῖσθαι πάντα;¶

Peshitta ܗܠܝܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܠܡܫܬܠܡܘ

Vulgate omnia incipient consummari

Greek places πάντα ('all') after the infinitive συντελεῖσθαι; Peshitta places ܟܠܗܝܢ ('all') before the infinitive ܠܡܫܬܠܡܘ, following typical Syriac word order (modifier precedes head); Vulgate inserts incipient ('begin') before consummari, adding a nuance of inception not explicit in Greek or Peshitta, and concludes with final interrogative punctuation.

Mark 13 : 4

Critical apparatus