Mark 14 : 11

Greek uses the substantival article οἱ ('those who') governing the following participle, while the Peshitta employs the independent demonstrative pronoun ܗܢܘܢ and the Vulgate the relative pronoun Qui; all three express the same anaphoric subject through differing syntactic strategies.

The Greek postpositive δέ and the Syriac ܕܝܢ (itself a Greek loan-particle) mark the transition, but the Vulgate omits any adversative/connective particle here, beginning the clause directly with Qui.

Greek and Latin render the aorist participle ἀκούσαντες / audientes as a single circumstantial participle, whereas the Peshitta unpacks it into a temporal clause ܟܕ ܫܡܥܘ ('when they heard'), a characteristic Syriac periphrasis for Greek participles.

Greek ἐχάρησαν and Syriac ܚܕܝܘ are simple finite verbs, while the Vulgate uses the analytic perfect-deponent periphrasis gavisi sunt; the difference is purely morphosyntactic, conveying the same notion of rejoicing.

Greek expresses the promise with a bare aorist infinitive δοῦναι and Syriac with the finite subjunctive clause ܕܢܬܠܘܢ ('that they would give'), whereas the Vulgate uses the future periphrastic accusative-and-future-participle construction se daturos, a Latinate rendering of indirect discourse.

Greek εὐκαίρως ('opportunely, at a fitting time') is matched by Latin opportune, but the Peshitta reads ܦܠܥܐ here — an anomalous form (root p-l-e); a faithful adverbial 'conveniently' is expected, and the transmitted word likely reflects a scribal corruption of ܦܐܝܐ/ܒܙܒܢܐ or a rare lexeme, warranting collation against other Peshitta witnesses.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts a colon after gavisi sunt to mark the syntactic boundary before et promiserunt; neither the Greek nor the Syriac transmits a corresponding punctuation marker at this point in these editions.