Mark 14:17 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

substitution Two witnesses

Greek NT Καὶ

Peshitta ܘܟܕ

Greek καὶ and Peshitta ܘܟܕ both introduce the temporal clause, but Syriac employs the compound conjunction ܟܕ ('when') fused with the copula, creating a tighter temporal nexus than Greek's simple coordinating conjunction. Vulgate omits any coordinating particle, beginning directly with the temporal ablative absolute.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ὀψίας γενομένης

Peshitta ܗܘܐ ܪܡܫܐ

Vulgate Vespere autem facto

Greek uses a genitive absolute construction (ὀψίας γενομένης, 'evening having arrived'); Syriac employs a temporal clause with finite verb ܗܘܐ ܪܡܫܐ ('it became evening'); Vulgate uses an ablative absolute (Vespere facto) with the adversative particle autem. All three express identical temporal semantics through tradition-specific syntactic patterns.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα

Peshitta ܥܡ ܬܪܥܣܪܬܗ

Vulgate cum duodecim

Greek employs the article τῶν with the substantivized numeral δώδεκα ('the Twelve'), a standard Greek construction for the apostolic group. Syriac ܬܪܥܣܪܬܗ attaches a third-person possessive suffix ('his twelve'), making the relationship to Jesus explicit. Latin cum duodecim omits both article and possessive, using the bare numeral in a prepositional phrase—semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct across all three traditions.

Mark 14 : 17

Critical apparatus