Mark 15:18 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἤρξαντο

Peshitta ܘܫܪܝܘ

Vulgate cœperunt

All three render the inceptive verb 'they began' (ἤρξαντο / cœperunt); in Syriac the conjunction and the inchoative verb are fused into a single prefixed form ܘܫܪܝܘ, so the Peshitta index 0 carries both the 'and' and the 'began' senses.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἀσπάζεσθαι αὐτόν·

Peshitta ܠܡܫܐܠ ܒܫܠܡܗ

Vulgate salutare eum

Greek and Latin express the act with a verb of greeting plus accusative object (ἀσπάζεσθαι αὐτόν / salutare eum), whereas the Peshitta uses the idiomatic Syriac construction ܠܡܫܐܠ ܒܫܠܡܗ, literally 'to ask after his peace/welfare,' a periphrastic salutation formula built on the root sh-l-m rather than a single verb of greeting.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT χαῖρε

Peshitta ܫܠܡ

Vulgate rex

Greek χαῖρε ('rejoice/hail') is a Hellenic greeting imperative, the Vulgate matches with Ave, but the Peshitta employs ܫܠܡ ('peace'), the standard Semitic salutation, substituting the native shalom-greeting for the Greek mocking acclamation.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ὁ βασιλεῦ

Peshitta ܡܠܟܐ

Vulgate Judæorum

Greek attests the vocative with the nominative-form article ὁ βασιλεῦ (a Semitising vocative-with-article idiom); both Latin rex and Syriac ܡܠܟܐ render the title without an article, the Vulgate dropping the article per Latin grammar and the Peshitta marking it with the emphatic state.

Mark 15 : 18

Critical apparatus