Mark 15 : 33

EN When the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

ES Y cuando vino la hora de sexta, fueron hechas tinieblas sobre toda la tierra hasta la hora de nona.

ZH-HANS 从午正到申初，遍地都黑暗了。

ZH-HANT 從午正到申初，遍地都黑暗了。

Critical apparatus

4 variants · 3 witnesses

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT γενομένης δὲ

Peshitta ܗܘܝ

Vulgate facta

Greek employs a genitive absolute construction (γενομένης δὲ ὥρας) with the postpositive particle δέ, while Peshitta uses a simple temporal clause (ܘܟܕ ܗܘܝ) and Vulgate uses an ablative absolute (facta hora) without a connective particle. All three express the same temporal subordination but through distinct grammatical strategies.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ὥρας ἕκτης

Peshitta ܫܬ ܫܥܝܢ

Vulgate hora sexta

Greek and Vulgate place the ordinal adjective after the noun (ὥρας ἕκτης / hora sexta), whereas Peshitta places the numeral before the noun (ܫܬ ܫܥܝܢ, 'six hours'). The Peshitta also uses the plural form ܫܥܝܢ ('hours') where Greek and Latin use singular, a common Syriac idiom for temporal expressions.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT σκότος ἐγένετο

Peshitta ܗܘܐ ܚܫܘܟܐ

Vulgate tenebræ factæ sunt

Greek uses a simple verb construction (σκότος ἐγένετο, 'darkness came'), Peshitta employs a copular construction (ܗܘܐ ܚܫܘܟܐ, 'there was darkness'), and Vulgate uses a passive periphrastic (tenebræ factæ sunt, 'darkness was made'). All three convey the same event through different syntactic frames.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

lexical All three attest

Greek NT γῆν

Peshitta ܥܕܡܐ

Vulgate usque in

Greek uses the simple preposition ἕως ('until'), Peshitta uses ܥܕܡܐ (cognate temporal preposition), while Vulgate employs the compound usque in ('up to, until'). The Vulgate's compound form is stylistically more emphatic but semantically equivalent.