Mark 15 : 40

Greek expresses the imperfect with a single verb (ἦσαν, 'they were'); the Peshitta employs the periphrastic existential construction ܐܝܬ ܗܘܝ ('there were'), pairing the existential particle with the auxiliary, a typical Syriac means of rendering past durative existence.

Greek and Latin render the present participle in a single form (θεωροῦσαι / aspicientes); the Peshitta uses a relative-marked participle plus auxiliary (ܕܚܙܝܢ ܗܘܝ), again employing the periphrastic past for durative aspect, semantically equivalent to the participial idea.

Greek uses an articular epithet (ἡ Μαγδαληνή, 'the Magdalene'); the Peshitta (ܡܓܕܠܝܬܐ) and the Vulgate (Magdalene) render the gentilic adjectivally without the article, reflecting normal usage in their respective languages.

Greek and Latin describe this Mary only by the genitives 'of James the less' (ἡ τοῦ Ἰακώβου τοῦ μικροῦ / Jacobi minoris) without an explicit head noun, leaving 'mother' to be supplied later (cf. token 23/19). The Peshitta makes the relationship explicit at this point with ܐܡܗ ('her mother'), reading 'and Mary the mother of James the small,' clarifying the otherwise elliptical Greek/Latin syntax.

Greek and Latin link Joses/Joseph with a simple conjunction (καί / et) within a compound genitive ('of James... and of Joses'); the Peshitta encodes this with the prefixed conjunction-plus-relative ܘܕܝܘܣܐ ('and of Joses'), a single bound form expressing 'and-of-Joses.'

Greek reads Ἰωσῆτος (genitive of Ἰωσῆς, 'Joses'), the older Markan form; the Vulgate reads Joseph, harmonising the name toward the more familiar form. The Peshitta's ܝܘܣܐ (Joses) was already aligned in the preceding group.

Greek places μήτηρ ('mother') after the genitives as the delayed head noun, and the Vulgate likewise places mater after the colon; the Peshitta, by contrast, fronted the equivalent ܐܡܗ earlier (token 12), so no separate 'mother' token appears here on the Syriac side.

Greek and Latin use a freestanding conjunction (καί / et) before Salome; the Peshitta uses the prefixed conjunction bound to the proper name (ܘܫܠܘܡ, 'and-Salome').

The name appears as Σαλώμη / Salome / ܫܠܘܡ across the traditions; the Syriac form (root sh-l-m) reflects the underlying Semitic šalôm-based name. The Greek closes with a comma and the Vulgate with a colon (22), minor punctuation reflecting the clause boundary.