Mark 4 : 37

Greek καὶ γίνεται and Syriac ܘܗܘܬ both join the verb of becoming to the conjunction; Latin renders the same idea analytically as et facta est (perfect periphrastic). The verbal aspect differs (Greek historic present vs. Latin perfect) but the sense is equivalent.

Greek opens the second clause with καί … δέ plus the article τά before κύματα; Latin uses simple et fluctus and Syriac ܘܓܠܠܐ with a single conjunction. The Greek double connective (a mildly adversative continuation) is flattened in both versions, neither of which carries the δέ nuance.

Greek κύματα and Syriac ܓܠܠܐ are plural ('waves'); the Vulgate fluctus is here construed as singular collective ('the wave/surge'), matching its singular verb mittebat. A number difference of no semantic weight.

Greek ἐπέβαλλεν and Latin mittebat are single imperfect verbs ('were/was beating in'); the Peshitta employs the periphrastic ܢܦܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ (active participle + auxiliary ܗܘܘ) to express durative past action, a standard Syriac construction with the same iterative force.

Greek εἰς τὸ πλοῖον and Latin in navim both use a preposition + accusative for motion into the boat; the Syriac ܒܣܦܝܢܬܐ fuses the locative preposition ܒ- to the noun, lacking a separate article but conveying the same directional sense.

Greek ὥστε introduces the result clause ('so that'); Latin matches with ita ut. The Peshitta restructures the result entirely, supplying a finite predicate ܘܩܪܝܒܐ ܗܘܬ ('and it was near [to being filled]'), an explanatory expansion that softens the consecutive force into a statement of imminent danger.

The Greek adverb ἤδη ('already, now'), heightening the immediacy of the swamping, is rendered by neither the Vulgate nor the Peshitta. The Peshitta's ܩܪܝܒܐ ('near/about to') captures the same urgency lexically, so the omission is functional rather than substantive.

Greek redundantly repeats τὸ πλοῖον as the explicit subject of the passive infinitive; Latin retains the noun navis as subject of impleretur, but the Peshitta has no second mention of the boat, leaving ܕܬܬܡܠܐ ('that it be filled') with an implicit subject. A stylistic compression of the Greek's resumptive repetition.