Mark 8 : 28

Greek uses the substantivised article οἱ ('they/the ones'); the Vulgate renders this with the relative pronoun Qui, while the Peshitta employs the independent demonstrative pronoun ܗܢܘܢ ('those/they') — three syntactically distinct but semantically equivalent ways of supplying the subject.

The Greek postpositive δέ and Syriac ܕܝܢ (a loan of the same particle) mark the discourse transition; the Vulgate has no corresponding adversative/continuative particle here, folding the connective sense into the relative construction Qui responderunt.

Greek εἶπαν ('they said') and Syriac ܐܡܪܘ both use a plain verb of speaking, whereas the Vulgate substitutes responderunt ('they answered'), a contextual rendering that makes explicit the dialogical setting implied by the Greek.

The dative αὐτῷ ('to him') is preserved in the Vulgate as illi but has no equivalent in the Peshitta, which omits the indirect object — a common Syriac economy where the addressee is recoverable from context.

The recitative ὅτι introducing direct speech (untranslatable as a word, functioning like quotation marks) has no lexical counterpart in either the Vulgate or the Peshitta, both of which mark the reported speech by other means.

Greek καί and the prefixed Syriac waw (ܘ- on ܘܐܚܪܢܐ) coordinate the second opinion; the Vulgate has no conjunction before alii, juxtaposing the clauses asyndetically per Latin idiom.

Greek δέ marks the third opinion adversatively, matched by the Vulgate vero; the Peshitta carries only the prefixed waw on ܘܐܚܪܢܐ without a separate adversative particle, so no distinct token corresponds here.

Greek recitative ὅτι introduces the embedded clause; the Vulgate renders the nuance with quasi ('as if/like one of'), introducing a note of approximation absent from the Greek, while the Peshitta has no corresponding particle.