Mark 9 : 25

Greek uses a participial construction (Ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι) with aorist participle plus ὅτι-clause; Peshitta employs a temporal clause with ܟܕ ('when') plus finite verb; Vulgate uses cum + subjunctive (cum videret). All three express the same temporal-causal relationship but through different syntactic strategies.

Peshitta expands the Greek compound verb ἐπισυντρέχει ('was running together') into two finite verbs ܕܪܗܛ ܥܡܐ ܘܡܬܟܢܫ ܠܘܬܗ ('the crowd was running and gathering toward him'), making the convergent motion more explicit. Greek and Latin preserve the single compound verb (ἐπισυντρέχει / concurrentem).

Greek places the adjective ἀκαθάρτῳ after the noun πνεύματι with double article (τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἀκαθάρτῳ); Peshitta follows Semitic word order with adjective after noun (ܪܘܚܐ ܛܢܦܬܐ); Vulgate uses Latin attributive order with adjective before noun (spiritui immundo). All three denote the same referent.

Vulgate inserts a colon after illi to mark the beginning of direct speech, while Greek uses a raised dot (·) and Peshitta has no explicit punctuation marker. The syntactic function (introducing direct discourse) remains identical across all three traditions.

Greek uses vocative article + adjective + conjunction + adjective + vocative article + noun (τὸ ἄλαλον καὶ κωφὸν τὸ πνεῦμα); Vulgate reverses to adjective + conjunction + adjective + noun (Surde et mute spiritus); Peshitta employs noun + adjective + relative clause construction (ܪܘܚܐ ܚܪܫܬܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܡܠܠܐ, 'spirit deaf that does not speak'). The Peshitta expands ἄλαλον ('mute') into a relative clause for clarity.

Peshitta doubles the first-person pronoun (ܐܢܐ ܦܩܕ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܝ, 'I command I to-you'), a Semitic emphatic construction, while Greek ἐγὼ ἐπιτάσσω σοι and Latin ego praecipio tibi use the pronoun once. The Peshitta's repetition intensifies the authoritative tone without altering the semantic content.

Greek uses aorist imperative ἔξελθε with prepositional phrase ἐξ αὐτοῦ ('come out from him'); Peshitta employs feminine imperative ܦܘܩܝ ܡܢܗ (addressing the spirit as grammatically feminine); Vulgate adds a second colon after eo for rhetorical emphasis. All three preserve the command structure with minor stylistic variation.