Mark 1 : 45

Greek uses postpositive δέ ('and/but'); Peshitta employs ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/however'); Vulgate uses At ('but'), a stronger adversative opening. All three mark discourse transition, but with varying degrees of contrast.

Greek uses aorist participle ἐξελθών ('having gone out'); Vulgate mirrors with perfect participle egressus; Peshitta employs temporal clause ܟܕ ܢܦܩ (kad nəpaq, 'when he went out'), a characteristic Syriac construction for subordinate temporal relations.

Greek ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν ('he began to proclaim') uses aorist + infinitive; Vulgate cœpit prædicare mirrors this structure; Peshitta ܫܪܝ ܗܘܐ ܡܟܪܙ (šrī hwā mkarzēz) employs periphrastic perfect with auxiliary ܗܘܐ, a standard Syriac aspectual construction.

Greek πολλά ('much/many things') and Peshitta ܣܓܝ (saggi, 'much') are present as adverbial intensifiers modifying the proclamation; Vulgate omits this element entirely, producing a more concise reading without the quantitative emphasis.

Greek ὥστε ('so that') introduces result clause; Peshitta ܐܝܟܢܐ (aykanā, 'such that/how') is cognate construction; Vulgate uses ita ut ('so that'), a two-word correlative structure standard in classical Latin result clauses.

Greek μηκέτι ('no longer') is temporal-negative adverb; Peshitta ܕܠܐ (d-lā, 'that not') is simple negation without temporal nuance; Vulgate jam non ('now not/no longer') preserves the temporal dimension with jam, aligning more closely with the Greek aspectual sense.

Greek αὐτόν ('him') is anaphoric pronoun referring to Jesus; Peshitta explicitly names ܝܫܘܥ (Yešūʿ, 'Jesus'), removing ambiguity; Vulgate omits the subject entirely, relying on the infinitive construction posset manifeste introire to carry implicit subject continuity from the previous clause.

Greek δύνασθαι ('to be able') is present infinitive; Vulgate posset ('he could') is imperfect subjunctive in result clause; Peshitta ܢܫܟܚ ܗܘܐ (neškaḥ hwā) uses periphrastic imperfect with auxiliary, semantically equivalent but syntactically distinct.

Greek ἔξω ἐπ' ἐρήμοις τόποις ἦν ('he was outside in deserted places') uses adverb + prepositional phrase + verb; Vulgate foris in desertis locis esset ('he was outside in deserted places') mirrors this with subjunctive esset in result clause; Peshitta ܠܒܪ ܗܘܐ ܒܐܬܪܐ ܚܘܪܒܐ (l-bar hwā b-atrā ḥūrbā, 'he was outside in a deserted place') uses singular ܐܬܪܐ ('place') where Greek and Latin have plurals, a typical Syriac collective-noun idiom.

Greek καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτόν ('and they were coming to him') uses imperfect middle-passive; Vulgate et conveniebant ad eum ('and they were gathering to him') uses imperfect active with different lexeme (convenio vs. ἔρχομαι); Peshitta ܘܐܬܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܠܘܬܗ (w-ātēn hwaw lwāteh) employs periphrastic imperfect, semantically aligned.

Greek πάντοθεν ('from every side/everywhere') is single adverb; Vulgate undique ('from everywhere') mirrors this; Peshitta expands to three-word phrase ܡܢ ܟܠ ܕܘܟܐ (men kul dūkā, 'from every place'), making the spatial source explicit through prepositional construction rather than adverbial compression.