Mark 10 : 17

Greek opens with the simple coordinating conjunction Καὶ followed by a genitive absolute; the Peshitta fuses conjunction and temporal particle into ܘܟܕ ('and when'), while the Vulgate uses two words Et cum to introduce the cum + subjunctive temporal clause. The Syriac and Latin both make the temporal subordination explicit, whereas Greek leaves it to the participial construction.

Greek employs a genitive absolute (ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ) with explicit pronoun; the Peshitta renders the action with a single finite-like verb ܪܕܐ ('he was travelling') from root r-d-a, omitting an overt pronoun as the subject is carried by the verb; the Vulgate uses a periphrastic pluperfect subjunctive egressus esset. Each tradition expresses the departure with a different verbal-aspectual strategy.

Greek has a coordinating καὶ linking 'having run up' and 'having knelt'; both the Peshitta and Vulgate render the kneeling as a participial/adverbial phrase and do not supply a separate conjunction here, smoothing the syntax.

Greek compresses the act of kneeling into the single denominative verb γονυπετήσας; the Peshitta unpacks it analytically as ܢܦܠ ܥܠ ܒܘܪܟܘܗܝ ('fell upon his knees') and the Vulgate likewise as genu flexo ante ('with knee bent before'). Both versions expand the compact Greek lexeme into a phrase, a common rendering of Greek verbs of posture.

Greek uses the simple imperfect ἐπηρώτα ('he was asking'); the Peshitta builds a periphrastic past with participle plus the enclitic ܗܘܐ (ܡܫܐܠ ܗܘܐ), the standard Syriac means of expressing durative past; the Vulgate imperfect rogabat parallels the Greek directly.

Greek αὐτόν and Syriac ܠܗ both supply the object pronoun 'him'; the Vulgate adds the explicit colon-punctuation (token 14) introducing direct speech, and the Peshitta further inserts a verb of speaking (see next group). The traditions differ in how they mark the transition to the quotation.

The Peshitta inserts ܘܐܡܪ ('and said') to introduce the direct discourse, a Semitic narrative idiom that explicitly marks reported speech; neither the Greek nor the Vulgate supplies a separate verb of saying here, relying on ἐπηρώτα / rogabat alone.

Greek ἵνα + subjunctive expresses purpose; the Vulgate matches with ut + subjunctive; the Peshitta fuses the relative-purpose particle with the verb in ܕܐܬܪ ('that I may inherit'), the prefixed ܕ carrying the conjunctive force.

Greek κληρονομήσω ('I may inherit,' from root for inheritance) is rendered by the Vulgate with the broader percipiam ('I may obtain/receive'), softening the inheritance metaphor; the Syriac verb of acquisition is encoded within ܕܐܬܪ (already grouped), and the Greek interrogative is closed by the question mark, matched by the Vulgate's final ? (token 23).