Mark 10 : 22

Greek uses article + postpositive conjunction (ὁ δέ); Peshitta mirrors this with pronoun + ܕܝܢ; Vulgate employs a relative pronoun (Qui) without conjunction, creating a smoother Latin period.

Greek στυγνάσας (aorist participle, 'having become gloomy/dark-faced') is rendered by Peshitta ܐܬܟܡܪ (ethpe'el, 'became dark/sad') and Vulgate contristatus (perfect passive participle, 'having been saddened'), both capturing the emotional state but with slightly different semantic nuances—Greek emphasizes facial expression, Latin internal affect.

Greek uses prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ ('at the word'); Peshitta adds demonstrative ܗܕܐ ('this') yielding ܒܡܠܬܐ ܗܕܐ ('at this word'), making the reference more explicit; Vulgate in verbo mirrors Greek structure without demonstrative.

Greek uses present middle participle λυπούμενος ('grieving') coordinated asyndetically with the main verb; Peshitta employs circumstantial ܟܕ + adjective ܥܝܝܩܐ ('while distressed'), a typical Syriac construction for simultaneous action; Vulgate mœrens (present participle) parallels Greek syntax.

Peshitta inserts pronominal suffix ܠܗ ('to him') as dative of possession, making the possessive relationship explicit where Greek and Latin rely on the participial construction ἔχων/habens to imply the subject.

Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the clause boundary before the explanatory γάρ clause, a Latin stylistic convention not reflected in Greek or Syriac manuscript traditions.

Greek periphrastic imperfect ἦν ἔχων ('he was having') is rendered by Peshitta with existential particle ܐܝܬ + ܗܘܐ ('there was to him'), a standard Syriac possessive idiom; Vulgate erat habens mirrors Greek periphrastic structure exactly.

Greek places causal γάρ in second position (postpositive); Peshitta ܓܝܪ appears after the possessive construction; Vulgate enim follows standard Latin postpositive placement after the verb—all functionally equivalent but reflecting each language's syntactic constraints.

Peshitta repeats pronominal suffix ܠܗ ('to him') with the noun ܢܟܣܐ, reinforcing the possessive relationship—a characteristic Syriac redundancy for emphasis not present in Greek or Latin.

Greek places adjective πολλά after noun κτήματα; Peshitta ܢܟܣܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ follows the same noun-adjective order; Vulgate inverts to multas possessiones (adjective-noun), conforming to classical Latin emphasis patterns.