Mark 10 : 23

Greek περιβλεψάμενος ('having looked around') is an aorist middle participle; the Peshitta renders it with the finite verb ܚܪ ('he looked'), root kh-w-r, and the Vulgate with the present participle circumspiciens. The participial vs. finite-verb construction is a routine Syriac stylistic shift but the prefixed περι- ('around') is reflected only in Greek and Latin.

The Peshitta inserts the postpositive particle ܕܝܢ ('but, now'), a common Syriac discourse connective marking narrative transition. Neither the Greek (which opens with καί) nor the Vulgate (Et) carries an adversative/transitional particle here, so the conjunctions are realigned accordingly.

Greek uses the historic present λέγει ('says'), characteristic of Markan narrative vividness; the Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ ('and said', root a-m-r) and the Vulgate ait both render it as a past/aorist with the Syriac additionally supplying a coordinating waw. The tense and connective differences are stylistic rather than semantic.

Greek τοῖς μαθηταῖς ('to the disciples') and Latin discipulis stand as a separate dative object, whereas the Peshitta compresses the phrase into a single prepositional form ܒܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ (root l-m-d) governed by the verb of looking ('he looked upon his disciples'), reflecting a different verbal rection.

Greek substantivises the phrase with an articular participle οἱ ... ἔχοντες ('those having riches'), and the Vulgate mirrors this with a relative clause qui ... habent; the Peshitta employs a periphrastic possession idiom ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܢܟܣܐ ('to those to whom there are possessions'), the standard Syriac way of expressing 'to have' lacking a dedicated verb. The constructions are semantically equivalent.

Greek and Latin coordinate a prepositional phrase (εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ / in regnum Dei) with the verb 'enter' standing later, while the Peshitta fronts the verb as a subordinate clause ܕܢܥܠܘܢ ('that they should enter') governing ܠܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ. The Syriac subjunctive of purpose against the Greek future indicative is a construction-level rendering difference.

Greek εἰσελεύσονται is a future deponent indicative ('they will enter') and the Vulgate introibunt with the exclamatory '!' preserves the rhetorical force, whereas the Peshitta encodes the verb of entering within the fronted subjunctive clause ܕܢܥܠܘܢ (root e-l-w) already aligned above; the Latin closing exclamation point is editorial and has no counterpart in the other witnesses.